upgraded Quantity as dynamic

Author: chakravala

.appveyor.yml

@@ -2,7 +2,8 @@ environment:
   matrix:
   - julia_version: 1
   - julia_version: 1.6
-  - julia_version: 1.8
+  - julia_version: 1.10
+  - julia_version: 1.11
   - julia_version: nightly
 
 platform:

Project.toml

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 name = "MeasureSystems"
 uuid = "ea45d09e-59d0-491b-a101-09823c6a9fd4"
 authors = ["Michael Reed"]
-version = "0.1.9"
+version = "0.2.0"
 
 [deps]
 Similitude = "d70e672a-ff44-4dfc-8031-4cc812d84922"
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ FieldConstants = "0.1"
 FieldAlgebra = "0.1"
 Measurements = "2"
 UnitSystems = "0.3.8"
-Similitude = "0.2.7"
+Similitude = "0.3"
 julia = "1"
 
 [extras]

README.md

@@ -5,25 +5,42 @@
 [![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/372081673.svg)](https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/372081673)
 [![Build status](https://ci.appveyor.com/api/projects/status/rxo2lh76n3dr31c0?svg=true)](https://ci.appveyor.com/project/chakravala/measuresystems-jl)
 
+In the base `UnitSystems` package, simply `Float64` numbers are used to generate the group of `UnitSystem` constants.
+However, in the `MeasureSystems` package, instead constant measurements are used to generate an abstract multiplicative `Group`, which is only converted to a `Float64` value when appropriate or at compile time.
+
+In `UnitSystems` and `MeasureSystems`, the spectrum of `Group{:Measures}` values is generated by a group of 11 mathematical constants (7 Integer primes and 4 Irrational numbers) with 33 physical measurement definitions.
+These are `𝟐`, `𝟑`, `𝟓`, `𝟕`, `𝟏𝟏`, `𝟏𝟗`, `𝟒𝟑`, `φ`, `γ`, `ℯ`, `τ`, `kB`, `NA`, `𝘩`, `𝘤`, `𝘦`, `Kcd`, `ΔνCs`, `R∞`, `α`, `μₑᵤ`, `μₚᵤ`, `ΩΛ`, `H0`, `g₀`, `aⱼ`, `au`, `ft`, `ftUS`, `lb`, `T₀`, `atm`, `inHg`, `RK90`, `KJ90`, `RK`, `KJ`, `Rᵤ2014`, `Ωᵢₜ`, `Vᵢₜ`, `kG`, `mP`, `GME`, `GMJ`.
+
+Furthermore, in `MeasureSystems` there is a dimension type which encodes the dimensional `Group{:USQ}` for the `Quantity` type using the same implementation principles as the `Group{:Measures}`.
+This enables the unified usage of `Group` homomorphisms to transform `Quantity` algebra elements with varying numbers of dimensionless constants.
+
+Originally, the Newtonian group used for `UnitSystems` would be made up of `force`, `mass`, `length`, `time` (or `F`, `M`, `L`, `T`).
+Although `force` is typically thought of as a derived dimension when the reference `gravity` is taken to be dimensionless, `force` is actually considered a base dimension in general engineering `UnitSystem` foundations.
+With the development of electricity and magnetism came an interest for an additional dimension called `charge` or `Q`.
+When the thermodynamics of `entropy` became further developed, the `temperature` or `Θ` was introduced as another dimension.
+In the field of chemistry, it became desirable to introduce another dimension of `molaramount` or `N` as fundamental.
+To complete the existing International System of Quantities (ISQ) it is also necessary to consider `luminousflux` or `J` as a visual perception related dimension.
+In order to resolve ambiguity with `solidangle` unit conversion, `angle` or `A` is explicitly tracked in the underlying dimension and `Group`.
+However, this is yet insufficient to fully specify all the historical variations of `UnitSystem`, including the `EMU`, `ESU`, `Gauss` and `LorentzHeavise` specifications.
+Therefore, there is also a dimension basis for `rationalization` (denoted `R`) and `lorentz` (denoted by `C⁻¹`).
+
+In combination, all these required base dimension definitions are necessary in order to coherently implement unit conversion for `Quantity` elements.
+Since the existing International System of Quantities (ISQ) is an insufficient definition for dimension, a new Unified System of Quantities (`USQ`) is being proposed here as composed of `force`, `mass`, `length`, `time`, `charge`, `temperature`, `molaramount`, `luminousflux`, `angle`, `rationalization`, and a `nonstandard` dimension (denoted by `F`, `M`, `L`, `T`, `Q`, `Θ`, `N`, `J`, `A`, `R`, `C`).
+
 In aggregate, the `UnitSystem` data generated here constitutes a new universal standardization for dimensional analysis, which generalizes upon previous historical systems up to the 2019 redefinition and unifies them in a common `Universe`.
 This enables a more precise and generalized standardization than the 2019 redefinition, which was comparatively limited in scope.
 Specified default `UnitSystem` values are to be taken as a newly defined mutually-compatible recommended standard, verified to be consistent and coherent.
 A `UnitSystem` can only be useful as a measuring standard if it can be scientifically reproduced, so the data here has been implemented in several important scientific programming languages (initially in the Julia language but also Wolfram language and Rust langauge) as well as presented abstractly in terms of dimensional formulas.
 
-> In fact there is nothing transcendental about dimensions; the ultimate principle is precisely expressible (in Newton's terminology) as one of *similitude*, exact or approximate, to be tested by the rule that mere change in the magnitudes of the ordered scheme of units of measurement that is employed must not affect sensibly the forms of the equations that are the adequate expression of the underlying relations of the problem. (J.L., 1914)
-
 Specifications for dimensional units are in the [UnitSystems.jl](https://github.com/chakravala/UnitSystems.jl) and [Similitude.jl](https://github.com/chakravala/Similitude.jl) and [MeasureSystems.jl](https://github.com/chakravala/MeasureSystems.jl) repositories.
 The three packages are designed so that they can be interchanged with compatibility.
 On its own `UnitSystems` is the fastest package, while `Similitude` (provides `Quantity` type) and `MeasureSystems` (introduces [Measurements.jl](https://github.com/JuliaPhysics/Measurements.jl) uncertainty) build additional features on top of `UnitSystems` base defintions.
-Additionally, in the `UnitSystems` repository there is an equivalent [Wolfram language paclet](https://reference.wolfram.com/language/guide/Paclets) `Kernel` and also an unmaintained Rust `src` implementation.
 Defaults are shared: `Metric`, `SI2019`, `CODATA`, `Conventional`, `International`, `InternationalMean`, `MetricTurn`, `MetricGradian`, `MetricDegree`, `MetricArcminute`, `MetricArcsecond`, `Engineering`, `Gravitational`, `FPS`, `IPS`, `British`, `English`, `Survey`, `Gauss`, `LorentzHeaviside`, `EMU`, `ESU`, `IAU`, `IAUE`, `IAUJ`, `Hubble`, `Cosmological`, `CosmologicalQuantum`, `Meridian`, `Nautical`, `MPH`, `KKH`, `MTS`, `FFF`, `Planck`, `PlanckGauss`, `Stoney`, `Hartree`, `Rydberg`, `Schrodinger`, `Electronic`, `Natural`, `NaturalGauss`, `QCD`, `QCDGauss`, `QCDoriginal`.
 
 ```Julia
 julia> using MeasureSystems # or UnitSystems or Similitude
 ```
 
-An optional environment variable `ENV["SIMILITUDE"]` induces `UnitSystems.similitude()` to return `true`, giving flexibility for building dependencies whenever it is desirable to toggle usage between `UnitSystems` (default) and `Similitude` (requires environment variable specification). For example, in `MeasureSystems` and `Geophysics` this option is used to increase flexibility with variety in local compilation workflow.
-
 A `UnitSystem` is a consistent set of dimensional values selected to accomodate a particular use case or standardization.
 It is possible to convert derived physical quantities from any `UnitSystem` specification into any other using accurate values.
 Eleven fundamental constants `kB`, `ħ`, `𝘤`, `μ₀`, `mₑ`, `Mᵤ`, `Kcd`, `θ`, `λ`, `αL`, `g₀` are used to govern a specific unit system consistent scaling.
@@ -63,12 +80,4 @@ Thermodynamics: `temperature`, `entropy`, `specificentropy`, `volumeheatcapacity
 `molarmass`, `molality`, `mole`, `molarity`, `molarvolume`, `molarentropy`, `molarenergy`, `molarconductivity`, `molarsusceptibility`, `catalysis`, `specificity`, `diffusionflux`,
 `luminousflux`, `luminousintensity`, `luminance`, `illuminance`, `luminousenergy`, `luminousexposure`, `luminousefficacy`.
 
-**Generalized dimensionless `Coupling`:**
-
-```Julia
-Coupling{αG,α,μₑᵤ,μₚᵤ,ΩΛ}
-```
-Specification of `Universe` with the dimensionless `Coupling` constants `coupling`, `finestructure`, `electronunit`, `protonunit`, `protonelectron`, and `darkenergydensity`. Alterations to these values can be facilitated and quantified using parametric polymorphism.
-Due to the `Coupling` interoperability, the `MeasureSystems` package is made possible to support calculations with `Measurements` having error standard deviations.
-
 Other similar packages include [UnitSystems.jl](https://github.com/chakravala/UnitSystems.jl), [Similitude.jl](https://github.com/chakravala/Similitude.jl), [PhysicalConstants.jl](https://github.com/JuliaPhysics/PhysicalConstants.jl), [MathPhysicalConstants.jl](https://github.com/LaGuer/MathPhysicalConstants.jl), [Unitful.jl](https://github.com/PainterQubits/Unitful.jl.git), [UnitfulUS.jl](https://github.com/PainterQubits/UnitfulUS.jl), [UnitfulAstro.jl](https://github.com/JuliaAstro/UnitfulAstro.jl), [UnitfulAtomic.jl](https://github.com/sostock/UnitfulAtomic.jl), [NaturallyUnitful.jl](https://github.com/MasonProtter/NaturallyUnitful.jl), and [UnitfulMoles.jl](https://github.com/rafaqz/UnitfulMoles.jl).

src/MeasureSystems.jl

@@ -21,11 +21,22 @@ import Base: @pure, angle
 import UnitSystems
 import UnitSystems: UnitSystem, Systems, Constants, Physics, Convert, Dimensionless
 import UnitSystems: Coupling, measure, unit, universe, cache, Derived, logdb, expdb, dB
-export UnitSystems, Measure, measure, cache, Constant
+export UnitSystems, Measure, measure, cache, Constant, dimensions
 const dir = dirname(pathof(UnitSystems))
 
+const usingSimilitude = true #UnitSystems.similitude()
+
+if usingSimilitude
+    import Similitude: CONSTDIM, CONSTVAL
+else
+    const CONSTDIM = true
+    const CONSTVAL = CONSTDIM
+end
 macro group(args...)
-    FieldAlgebra.group(args...)
+    CONSTDIM ? FieldAlgebra.group(args...) : FieldAlgebra.group2(args...)
+end
+macro group2(args...)
+    CONSTVAL ? FieldAlgebra.group(args...) : FieldAlgebra.group2(args...)
 end
 
 # measure
@@ -179,8 +190,6 @@ end
 
 # unit systems
 
-const usingSimilitude = true #UnitSystems.similitude()
-
 if !usingSimilitude
 import UnitSystems: two, three, five, eleven, nineteen, fourtythree
 import UnitSystems: golden, eulergamma, tau
@@ -227,17 +236,32 @@ end
 if usingSimilitude
 export Similitude, 𝟙, Unified, quotient
 import Similitude
-import Similitude: Unified, coefprod, promoteint, USQ, quotient,dimlatex, morphism
-import Similitude: Group,AbelianGroup,LogGroup,ExpGroup,Quantity,Dimension,Quantities,𝟙,usq
-import Similitude: Values,value,vals,basis,valueat,showgroup,ratio,isq,dims,dimtext
+import Similitude: Unified, coefprod, promoteint, USQ, quotient, dimlatex, dimtext
+import Similitude: Group, AbelianGroup, LogGroup, ExpGroup, Quantity, Dimension, Quantities
+import Similitude: Values, value, vals, basis, valueat, showgroup, isq, dims, 𝟙,usq
+import Similitude: ratio, morphism, dimensions
 import FieldAlgebra: makeint, product
 for D ∈ (:F,:M,:L,:T,:Q,:Θ,:N,:J,:A,:R,:C)
-    @eval const $D = Similitude.$D
+    if CONSTDIM==Similitude.CONSTDIM
+        @eval const $D = Similitude.$D
+    elseif CONSTDIM
+        @eval const $D = Constant(Similitude.$D)
+    else
+        @eval const $D = Similitude.param(Similitude.$D)
+    end
 end
+Base.:*(a::Quantity{U},b::Measure) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(a.v*measure(b)),Similitude.dimensions(a))
+Base.:*(a::Measure,b::Quantity{U}) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(measure(a)*b.v),Similitude.dimensions(b))
+Base.:/(a::Quantity{U},b::Measure) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(a.v/measure(b)),Similitude.dimensions(a))
+Base.:/(a::Measure,b::Quantity{U}) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(measure(a)/b.v),Similitude.dimensions(b))
+Base.:+(a::Quantity{U},b::Measure) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(a.v+measure(b)),Similitude.dimensions(a))
+Base.:+(a::Measure,b::Quantity{U}) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(measure(a)-b.v),Similitude.dimensions(b))
+Base.:-(a::Quantity{U},b::Measure) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(a.v-measure(b)),Similitude.dimensions(a))
+Base.:-(a::Measure,b::Quantity{U}) where U = Quantity{U}(cache(measure(a)-b.v),Similitude.dimensions(b))
 FieldAlgebra.makeint(x::MeasureSystems.Measurements.Measurement) = x
 FieldAlgebra.promoteint(x::Measure) = x
 FieldAlgebra.latext(::Group{:Measures}) = Similitude.usqlatex
-@group Measures begin
+@group2 Measures begin
     kB = UnitSystems.kB
     NA = UnitSystems.NA
     𝘩 = UnitSystems.𝘩
@@ -284,7 +308,11 @@ FieldAlgebra.latext(::Group{:Measures}) = Similitude.usqlatex
     43 = 43
 end
 Base.show(io::IO,x::Group{:Measures}) = showgroup(io,x,basis,'𝟏')
-phys(j,k=vals) = Constant(valueat(j,k,:Measures))
+if CONSTVAL
+    phys(j,k=vals) = Constant(valueat(j,k,:Measures))
+else
+    phys(j,k=vals) = valueat(j,k,:Measures)
+end
 const sim = dirname(pathof(Similitude))
 include("$sim/constant.jl")
 Base.:*(a::Measure,b::Group{G,T,S,N}) where {G,T,S,N} = FieldAlgebra.times(factorize(a,Val(G)),b)
@@ -325,7 +353,7 @@ Base.:-(a::Measurements.Measurement,b::Constant{D}) where D = a-D
 Base.:-(a::Constant{D},b::Measurements.Measurement) where D = D-b
 else
 Constant(x) = x
-Quantity(x) = Constant(x)
+Quantity(x) = CONSTVAL ? Constant(x) : x
 Base.:*(a::Measurements.Measurement,b::UnitSystems.Constant{D}) where D = a*D
 Base.:*(a::UnitSystems.Constant{D},b::Measurements.Measurement) where D = D*b
 Base.:/(a::Measurements.Measurement,b::UnitSystems.Constant{D}) where D = a*inv(b)
@@ -356,10 +384,16 @@ import UnitSystems: RK1990,KJ1990,𝟏,𝟐,𝟑,𝟓,𝟕,𝟏𝟏,𝟏𝟗,
 const RK90,KJ90 = RK1990,KJ1990
 end
 
-const LD,JD = Constant(384399)*(𝟐*𝟓)^3,Constant(778479)*(𝟐*𝟓)^6
-const μE☾ = Constant(measurement("81.300568(3)"))
+if CONSTVAL
+    const LD,JD = Constant(384399)*(𝟐*𝟓)^3,Constant(778479)*(𝟐*𝟓)^6
+    const μE☾ = Constant(measurement("81.300568(3)"))
+else
+    const LD,JD = 384399*(𝟐*𝟓)^3,778479*(𝟐*𝟓)^6
+    const μE☾ = measurement("81.300568(3)")
+end
 
 import UnitSystems: GaussSystem, ElectricSystem, EntropySystem, AstronomicalSystem, unitname, normal
+println("MeasureSystems: initializing UnitSystems data")
 include("$dir/initdata.jl")
 
 #const μ₀ = 2𝘩/𝘤/αinv/𝘦^2 # ≈ 4π*(1e-7+5.5e-17), exact charge
@@ -372,11 +406,17 @@ for unit ∈ UnitSystems.Convert
         @eval const $unit = Similitude.$unit
     end
 end
+println("MeasureSystems: deriving Quantity measurements")
 include("$sim/derived.jl")
+println("MeasureSystems: documenting kinematic units")
 include("$dir/kinematicdocs.jl")
+println("MeasureSystems: documenting electromagnetic units")
 include("$dir/electromagneticdocs.jl")
+println("MeasureSystems: documenting thermodynamic units")
 include("$dir/thermodynamicdocs.jl")
+println("MeasureSystems: documenting physics constants")
 include("$dir/physicsdocs.jl")
+println("MeasureSystems: documenting UnitSystems")
 include("$dir/systems.jl")
 else
 for CAL ∈ (:calₜₕ,:cal₄,:cal₁₀,:cal₂₀,:calₘ,:calᵢₜ)
@@ -385,8 +425,13 @@ for CAL ∈ (:calₜₕ,:cal₄,:cal₁₀,:cal₂₀,:calₘ,:calᵢₜ)
 end
 import UnitSystems: convertext, unitext
 const dir = dirname(pathof(UnitSystems))
-const zetta,zepto = Constant(1e21),Constant(1e-21)
-const yotta,yocto = Constant(1e24),Constant(1e-24)
+if CONSTVAL
+    const zetta,zepto = Constant(1e21),Constant(1e-21)
+    const yotta,yocto = Constant(1e24),Constant(1e-24)
+else
+    const zetta,zepto = 1e21,1e-21
+    const yotta,yocto = 1e24,1e-24
+end
 include("$dir/kinematic.jl")
 include("$dir/electromagnetic.jl")
 include("$dir/thermodynamic.jl")
@@ -396,6 +441,7 @@ end
 
 # physical constants
 
+if CONSTVAL
 @pure electronmass(U::typeof(Planck),C::Coupling) = sqrt(4π*coupling(C))
 @pure electronmass(U::typeof(PlanckGauss),C::Coupling) = sqrt(coupling(C))
 @pure electronmass(U::UnitSystem{kB,ħ,𝘤,μ₀,cache(√(αG*αinv))},C::Coupling) where {kB,ħ,𝘤,μ₀} = sqrt(coupling(C)/finestructure(C))
@@ -415,5 +461,6 @@ end
 @pure vacuumpermeability(U::UnitSystem{kB,ħ,𝘤,cache(μ₀)},C::Coupling) where {kB,ħ,𝘤} = finestructure(C)*2𝘩/𝘤/𝘦^2
 @pure vacuumpermeability(U::typeof(CODATA),C::Coupling) = 2RK2014*finestructure(C)/𝘤
 @pure vacuumpermeability(U::typeof(Conventional),C::Coupling) = 2RK1990*finestructure(C)/𝘤
+end
 
 end # module