fix(scales): prevent crash when dataset includes Number.MAX_VALUE

When a dataset contains extremely large values near Number.MAX_VALUE,
the scale's tick generation algorithm could overflow when trying to
compute 'nice' values, causing the chart to crash or the browser tab
to become unresponsive.

This fix:
- Adds SAFE_MAX/SAFE_MIN constants (half of MAX_VALUE) to prevent overflow
- Clamps data range values before tick generation calculations
- Ensures niceMin/niceMax stay within safe bounds after rounding

Fixes #12184

Author: jonathan-fulton