[mlir][core|ptr] Add PtrLikeTypeInterface and casting ops to the ptr dialect (llvm#137469)

This patch adds the `PtrLikeTypeInterface` type interface to identify
pointer-like types. This interface is defined as:

```
A ptr-like type represents an object storing a memory address. This object
is constituted by:
- A memory address called the base pointer. This pointer is treated as a
  bag of bits without any assumed structure. The bit-width of the base
  pointer must be a compile-time constant. However, the bit-width may remain
  opaque or unavailable during transformations that do not depend on the
  base pointer. Finally, it is considered indivisible in the sense that as
  a `PtrLikeTypeInterface` value, it has no metadata.
- Optional metadata about the pointer. For example, the size of the  memory
  region associated with the pointer.

Furthermore, all ptr-like types have two properties:
- The memory space associated with the address held by the pointer.
- An optional element type. If the element type is not specified, the
  pointer is considered opaque.
```

This patch adds this interface to `!ptr.ptr` and the `memref` type.

Furthermore, this patch adds necessary ops and type to handle casting
between `!ptr.ptr` and ptr-like types.

First, it defines the `!ptr.ptr_metadata` type. An opaque type to
represent the metadata of a ptr-like type. The rationale behind adding
this type, is that at high-level the metadata of a type like `memref`
cannot be specified, as its structure is tied to its lowering.

The `ptr.get_metadata` operation was added to extract the opaque pointer
metadata. The concrete structure of the metadata is only known when the
op is lowered.

Finally, this patch adds the `ptr.from_ptr` and `ptr.to_ptr` operations.
Allowing to cast back and forth between `!ptr.ptr` and ptr-like types.

```mlir
func.func @func(%mr: memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space>) -> memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space> {
  %ptr = ptr.to_ptr %mr : memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space> -> !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space>
  %mda = ptr.get_metadata %mr : memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space>
  %res = ptr.from_ptr %ptr metadata %mda : !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space> -> memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space>
  return %res : memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space>
}
```

It's future work to replace and remove the `bare-ptr-convention` through
the use of these ops.

---------

Co-authored-by: Mehdi Amini <[email protected]>

Author: fabianmcg

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/Ptr/IR/PtrDialect.td

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ class Ptr_Type<string name, string typeMnemonic, list<Trait> traits = []>
 
 def Ptr_PtrType : Ptr_Type<"Ptr", "ptr", [
     MemRefElementTypeInterface,
+    PtrLikeTypeInterface,
     VectorElementTypeInterface,
     DeclareTypeInterfaceMethods<DataLayoutTypeInterface, [
       "areCompatible", "getIndexBitwidth", "verifyEntries",
@@ -63,6 +64,55 @@ def Ptr_PtrType : Ptr_Type<"Ptr", "ptr", [
       return $_get(memorySpace.getContext(), memorySpace);
     }]>
   ];
+  let extraClassDeclaration = [{
+    // `PtrLikeTypeInterface` interface methods.
+    /// Returns `Type()` as this pointer type is opaque.
+    Type getElementType() const {
+      return Type();
+    }
+    /// Clones the pointer with specified memory space or returns failure
+    /// if an `elementType` was specified or if the memory space doesn't
+    /// implement `MemorySpaceAttrInterface`.
+    FailureOr<PtrLikeTypeInterface> clonePtrWith(Attribute memorySpace,
+      std::optional<Type> elementType) const {
+      if (elementType)
+        return failure();
+      if (auto ms = dyn_cast<MemorySpaceAttrInterface>(memorySpace))
+        return cast<PtrLikeTypeInterface>(get(ms));
+      return failure();
+    }
+    /// `!ptr.ptr` types are seen as ptr-like objects with no metadata.
+    bool hasPtrMetadata() const {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }];
+}
+
+def Ptr_PtrMetadata : Ptr_Type<"PtrMetadata", "ptr_metadata"> {
+  let summary = "Pointer metadata type";
+  let description = [{
+    The `ptr_metadata` type represents an opaque-view of the metadata associated
+    with a `ptr-like` object type.
+
+    Note: It's a verification error to construct a `ptr_metadata` type using a
+    `ptr-like` type with no metadata.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```mlir
+    // The metadata associated with a `memref` type.
+    !ptr.ptr_metadata<memref<f32>>
+    ```
+  }];
+  let parameters = (ins "PtrLikeTypeInterface":$type);
+  let assemblyFormat = "`<` $type `>`";
+  let builders = [
+    TypeBuilderWithInferredContext<(ins
+      "PtrLikeTypeInterface":$ptrLike), [{
+      return $_get(ptrLike.getContext(), ptrLike);
+    }]>
+  ];
+  let genVerifyDecl = 1;
 }
 
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

mlir/include/mlir/Dialect/Ptr/IR/PtrOps.td

@@ -17,6 +17,72 @@ include "mlir/Interfaces/SideEffectInterfaces.td"
 include "mlir/Interfaces/ViewLikeInterface.td"
 include "mlir/IR/OpAsmInterface.td"
 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// FromPtrOp
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+def Ptr_FromPtrOp : Pointer_Op<"from_ptr", [
+    Pure, OptionalTypesMatchWith<"metadata type", "result", "metadata",
+            "PtrMetadataType::get(cast<PtrLikeTypeInterface>($_self))">
+  ]> {
+  let summary = "Casts a `!ptr.ptr` value to a ptr-like value.";
+  let description = [{
+    The `from_ptr` operation casts a `ptr` value to a ptr-like object. It's
+    important to note that:
+    - The ptr-like object cannot be a `!ptr.ptr`.
+    - The memory-space of both the `ptr` and ptr-like object must match.
+    - The cast is Pure (no UB and side-effect free).
+
+    The optional `metadata` operand exists to provide any ptr-like metadata
+    that might be required to perform the cast.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```mlir
+    %typed_ptr = ptr.from_ptr %ptr : !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space> -> !my.ptr<f32, #ptr.generic_space>
+    %memref = ptr.from_ptr %ptr metadata %md : !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space> -> memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space>
+  
+    // Cast the `%ptr` to a memref without utilizing metadata.
+    %memref = ptr.from_ptr %ptr : !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space> -> memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space>
+    ```
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins Ptr_PtrType:$ptr, Optional<Ptr_PtrMetadata>:$metadata);
+  let results = (outs PtrLikeTypeInterface:$result);
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $ptr (`metadata` $metadata^)? attr-dict `:` type($ptr) `->` type($result)
+  }];
+  let hasFolder = 1;
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+}
+
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// GetMetadataOp
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+def Ptr_GetMetadataOp : Pointer_Op<"get_metadata", [
+    Pure, TypesMatchWith<"metadata type", "ptr", "result",
+            "PtrMetadataType::get(cast<PtrLikeTypeInterface>($_self))">
+  ]> {
+  let summary = "SSA value representing pointer metadata.";
+  let description = [{
+    The `get_metadata` operation produces an opaque value that encodes the
+    metadata of the ptr-like type.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```mlir
+    %metadata = ptr.get_metadata %memref : memref<?x?xf32>
+    ```
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins PtrLikeTypeInterface:$ptr);
+  let results = (outs Ptr_PtrMetadata:$result);
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $ptr attr-dict `:` type($ptr)
+  }];
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // PtrAddOp
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -32,8 +98,8 @@ def Ptr_PtrAddOp : Pointer_Op<"ptr_add", [
     Example:
 
     ```mlir
-    %x_off  = ptr.ptr_add %x, %off : !ptr.ptr<0>, i32
-    %x_off0 = ptr.ptr_add nusw %x, %off : !ptr.ptr<0>, i32
+    %x_off  = ptr.ptr_add %x, %off : !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space>, i32
+    %x_off0 = ptr.ptr_add nusw %x, %off : !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space>, i32
     ```
   }];
 
@@ -52,6 +118,36 @@ def Ptr_PtrAddOp : Pointer_Op<"ptr_add", [
   }];
 }
 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// ToPtrOp
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+def Ptr_ToPtrOp : Pointer_Op<"to_ptr", [Pure]> {
+  let summary = "Casts a ptr-like value to a `!ptr.ptr` value.";
+  let description = [{
+    The `to_ptr` operation casts a ptr-like object to a `!ptr.ptr`. It's
+    important to note that:
+    - The ptr-like object cannot be a `!ptr.ptr`.
+    - The memory-space of both the `ptr` and ptr-like object must match.
+    - The cast is side-effect free.
+
+    Example:
+
+    ```mlir
+    %ptr0 = ptr.to_ptr %my_ptr : !my.ptr<f32, #ptr.generic_space> -> !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space>
+    %ptr1 = ptr.to_ptr %memref : memref<f32, #ptr.generic_space> -> !ptr.ptr<#ptr.generic_space>
+    ```
+  }];
+
+  let arguments = (ins PtrLikeTypeInterface:$ptr);
+  let results = (outs Ptr_PtrType:$result);
+  let assemblyFormat = [{
+    $ptr attr-dict `:` type($ptr) `->` type($result)
+  }];
+  let hasFolder = 1;
+  let hasVerifier = 1;
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // TypeOffsetOp
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

mlir/include/mlir/IR/BuiltinTypeInterfaces.td

@@ -110,6 +110,59 @@ def MemRefElementTypeInterface : TypeInterface<"MemRefElementTypeInterface"> {
   }];
 }
 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// PtrLikeTypeInterface
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+def PtrLikeTypeInterface : TypeInterface<"PtrLikeTypeInterface"> {
+  let cppNamespace = "::mlir";
+  let description = [{
+    A ptr-like type represents an object storing a memory address. This object
+    is constituted by:
+    - A memory address called the base pointer. This pointer is treated as a
+      bag of bits without any assumed structure. The bit-width of the base
+      pointer must be a compile-time constant. However, the bit-width may remain
+      opaque or unavailable during transformations that do not depend on the
+      base pointer. Finally, it is considered indivisible in the sense that as
+      a `PtrLikeTypeInterface` value, it has no metadata.
+    - Optional metadata about the pointer. For example, the size of the  memory
+      region associated with the pointer.
+
+    Furthermore, all ptr-like types have two properties:
+    - The memory space associated with the address held by the pointer.
+    - An optional element type. If the element type is not specified, the
+      pointer is considered opaque.
+  }];
+  let methods = [
+    InterfaceMethod<[{
+      Returns the memory space of this ptr-like type.
+    }],
+    "::mlir::Attribute", "getMemorySpace">,
+    InterfaceMethod<[{
+      Returns the element type of this ptr-like type. Note: this method can
+      return `::mlir::Type()`, in which case the pointer is considered opaque.
+    }],
+    "::mlir::Type", "getElementType">,
+    InterfaceMethod<[{
+      Returns whether this ptr-like type has non-empty metadata.
+    }],
+    "bool", "hasPtrMetadata">,
+    InterfaceMethod<[{
+      Returns a clone of this type with the given memory space and element type,
+      or `failure` if the type cannot be cloned with the specified arguments.
+      If the pointer is opaque and `elementType` is not `std::nullopt` the
+      method will return `failure`.
+
+      If no `elementType` is provided and ptr is not opaque, the `elementType`
+      of this type is used.
+    }],
+    "::llvm::FailureOr<::mlir::PtrLikeTypeInterface>", "clonePtrWith", (ins
+      "::mlir::Attribute":$memorySpace,
+      "::std::optional<::mlir::Type>":$elementType
+    )>
+  ];
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // ShapedType
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

mlir/include/mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.h

@@ -99,7 +99,9 @@ class TensorType : public Type, public ShapedType::Trait<TensorType> {
 /// Note: This class attaches the ShapedType trait to act as a mixin to
 ///       provide many useful utility functions. This inheritance has no effect
 ///       on derived memref types.
-class BaseMemRefType : public Type, public ShapedType::Trait<BaseMemRefType> {
+class BaseMemRefType : public Type,
+                       public PtrLikeTypeInterface::Trait<BaseMemRefType>,
+                       public ShapedType::Trait<BaseMemRefType> {
 public:
   using Type::Type;
 
@@ -117,6 +119,12 @@ class BaseMemRefType : public Type, public ShapedType::Trait<BaseMemRefType> {
   BaseMemRefType cloneWith(std::optional<ArrayRef<int64_t>> shape,
                            Type elementType) const;
 
+  /// Clone this type with the given memory space and element type. If the
+  /// provided element type is `std::nullopt`, the current element type of the
+  /// type is used.
+  FailureOr<PtrLikeTypeInterface>
+  clonePtrWith(Attribute memorySpace, std::optional<Type> elementType) const;
+
   // Make sure that base class overloads are visible.
   using ShapedType::Trait<BaseMemRefType>::clone;
 
@@ -141,8 +149,16 @@ class BaseMemRefType : public Type, public ShapedType::Trait<BaseMemRefType> {
   /// New `Attribute getMemorySpace()` method should be used instead.
   unsigned getMemorySpaceAsInt() const;
 
+  /// Returns that this ptr-like object has non-empty ptr metadata.
+  bool hasPtrMetadata() const { return true; }
+
   /// Allow implicit conversion to ShapedType.
   operator ShapedType() const { return llvm::cast<ShapedType>(*this); }
+
+  /// Allow implicit conversion to PtrLikeTypeInterface.
+  operator PtrLikeTypeInterface() const {
+    return llvm::cast<PtrLikeTypeInterface>(*this);
+  }
 };
 
 } // namespace mlir

mlir/include/mlir/IR/BuiltinTypes.td

@@ -562,6 +562,7 @@ def Builtin_Integer : Builtin_Type<"Integer", "integer",
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 def Builtin_MemRef : Builtin_Type<"MemRef", "memref", [
+    PtrLikeTypeInterface,
     ShapedTypeInterface
   ], "BaseMemRefType"> {
   let summary = "Shaped reference to a region of memory";
@@ -1143,6 +1144,7 @@ def Builtin_Tuple : Builtin_Type<"Tuple", "tuple"> {
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
 def Builtin_UnrankedMemRef : Builtin_Type<"UnrankedMemRef", "unranked_memref", [
+    PtrLikeTypeInterface,
     ShapedTypeInterface
   ], "BaseMemRefType"> {
   let summary = "Shaped reference, with unknown rank, to a region of memory";

mlir/lib/Dialect/Ptr/IR/PtrDialect.cpp

@@ -41,6 +41,52 @@ void PtrDialect::initialize() {
       >();
 }
 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// FromPtrOp
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+OpFoldResult FromPtrOp::fold(FoldAdaptor adaptor) {
+  // Fold the pattern:
+  // %ptr = ptr.to_ptr %v : type -> ptr
+  // (%mda = ptr.get_metadata %v : type)?
+  // %val = ptr.from_ptr %ptr (metadata %mda)? : ptr -> type
+  // To:
+  // %val -> %v
+  Value ptrLike;
+  FromPtrOp fromPtr = *this;
+  while (fromPtr != nullptr) {
+    auto toPtr = dyn_cast_or_null<ToPtrOp>(fromPtr.getPtr().getDefiningOp());
+    // Cannot fold if it's not a `to_ptr` op or the initial and final types are
+    // different.
+    if (!toPtr || toPtr.getPtr().getType() != fromPtr.getType())
+      return ptrLike;
+    Value md = fromPtr.getMetadata();
+    // If the type has trivial metadata fold.
+    if (!fromPtr.getType().hasPtrMetadata()) {
+      ptrLike = toPtr.getPtr();
+    } else if (md) {
+      // Fold if the metadata can be verified to be equal.
+      if (auto mdOp = dyn_cast_or_null<GetMetadataOp>(md.getDefiningOp());
+          mdOp && mdOp.getPtr() == toPtr.getPtr())
+        ptrLike = toPtr.getPtr();
+    }
+    // Check for a sequence of casts.
+    fromPtr = dyn_cast_or_null<FromPtrOp>(ptrLike ? ptrLike.getDefiningOp()
+                                                  : nullptr);
+  }
+  return ptrLike;
+}
+
+LogicalResult FromPtrOp::verify() {
+  if (isa<PtrType>(getType()))
+    return emitError() << "the result type cannot be `!ptr.ptr`";
+  if (getType().getMemorySpace() != getPtr().getType().getMemorySpace()) {
+    return emitError()
+           << "expected the input and output to have the same memory space";
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // PtrAddOp
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
@@ -55,6 +101,40 @@ OpFoldResult PtrAddOp::fold(FoldAdaptor adaptor) {
   return nullptr;
 }
 
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+// ToPtrOp
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+
+OpFoldResult ToPtrOp::fold(FoldAdaptor adaptor) {
+  // Fold the pattern:
+  // %val = ptr.from_ptr %p (metadata ...)? : ptr -> type
+  // %ptr = ptr.to_ptr %val : type -> ptr
+  // To:
+  // %ptr -> %p
+  Value ptr;
+  ToPtrOp toPtr = *this;
+  while (toPtr != nullptr) {
+    auto fromPtr = dyn_cast_or_null<FromPtrOp>(toPtr.getPtr().getDefiningOp());
+    // Cannot fold if it's not a `from_ptr` op.
+    if (!fromPtr)
+      return ptr;
+    ptr = fromPtr.getPtr();
+    // Check for chains of casts.
+    toPtr = dyn_cast_or_null<ToPtrOp>(ptr.getDefiningOp());
+  }
+  return ptr;
+}
+
+LogicalResult ToPtrOp::verify() {
+  if (isa<PtrType>(getPtr().getType()))
+    return emitError() << "the input value cannot be of type `!ptr.ptr`";
+  if (getType().getMemorySpace() != getPtr().getType().getMemorySpace()) {
+    return emitError()
+           << "expected the input and output to have the same memory space";
+  }
+  return success();
+}
+
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 // TypeOffsetOp
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//