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1. Update Powershell version requirement
2. Update how to connect with a Microsoft Entra ID-bound username
3. Update size limits on copy/paste.
4. Add clarification on what a virtual network is and how to get the id.
Users can connect to an RDP server without installing an RDP client or the [WARP client](/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-devices/warp/) on their device. Browser-based RDP leverages [Cloudflare Tunnel](/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/), which creates a secure, outbound-only connection from your RDP server to Cloudflare's global network. Setup involves running the `cloudflared` daemon on the RDP server (or any other host machine within the private network) and routing RDP traffic over a public hostname.
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There are two ways for users to [reach the RDP server in their browser](#4-connect-as-a-user):
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-**App Launcher**: Users can log in to the [Access App Launcher](/cloudflare-one/applications/app-launcher/) with their Cloudflare Access credentials and then initiate an RDP connection within the browser to their Windows machine. Users will authenticate to the Windows machine using their pre-configured Windows username and password. Cloudflare does not manage any credentials on the Windows server.
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-**Direct URL**: A user may also navigate directly to the Windows server at `https://<app-domain>/rdp/<vnet-id>/<target-ip>/<port>`. The authentication flow is the same as for the App Launcher; first users must log in to Cloudflare Access and then use their Windows credentials to authenticate to the Windows machine.
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-**App Launcher (recommended)**: Users can log in to the [Access App Launcher](/cloudflare-one/applications/app-launcher/) with their Cloudflare Access credentials and then initiate an RDP connection within the browser to their Windows machine. Users will authenticate to the Windows machine using their pre-configured Windows username and password. Cloudflare does not manage any credentials on the Windows server.
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-**Direct URL**: A user may also navigate directly to the Windows server at `https://<app-domain>/rdp/<vnet-id>/<target-ip>/<port>`. The authentication flow is the same as for the App Launcher; first users must log in to Cloudflare Access and then use their Windows credentials to authenticate to the Windows machine. To learn more about virtual networks, see [this entry](/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/private-net/cloudflared/tunnel-virtual-networks/).
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Browser-based RDP can be used in conjunction with [routing over WARP](/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/use-cases/rdp/rdp-warp-to-tunnel/) so that there are multiple ways to connect to the server. You can reuse the same Cloudflare Tunnel when configuring each connection method.
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@@ -143,10 +143,22 @@ To connect to a Windows machine over RDP:
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3. Select the target you want to connect to.
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The App Launcher tile will launch a URL of the form `https://<app-domain>/rdp/<vnet-id>/<target-ip>/<port>`. You may also navigate directly to this URL.
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:::note
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`Vnet-id` stands for virtual network identifier. [Virtual networks](/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-networks/private-net/cloudflared/tunnel-virtual-networks/) (VNET) allow you to connect private networks that have overlapping IP ranges without creating conflicts for users or services.
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Your organization may not use virtual networks and so all targets will be added to the default VNET automatically.
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To find the default VNET, you can use [this API endpoint](https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/resources/zero_trust/subresources/networks/subresources/virtual_networks/methods/list/) to list all virtual networks in your organization. Obtain your default `Vnet-id` by looking for the virtual network with "is_default_network": true.
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:::
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4. Select the port that you want to connect to. The port selection screen only appears if the Access application allows RDP traffic on multiple ports (for example, port `3389` and port `65321`).
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5. (Optional) In your browser settings, allow the Access application to access the clipboard. Clipboard permissions grant the ability to copy or paste text between the local machine and the remote Windows machine.
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6. Enter your Windows username and password. For more information on supported login credentials, refer to [User identifier formats](#user-identifier-formats).
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:::note
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Please see [below](#microsoft-entra-id) if you wish to access a Microsoft Entra ID-bound RDP server for further instructions on how to format your username.
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:::
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You now have access to the remote Windows desktop.
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## Compatibility
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| Other Chromium-based browsers (Opera, Brave) | ✅ |
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| Internet Explorer 11 and below | ❌ |
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### Powershell
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Please ensure you are running Powershell 7 to mitigate a prior Microsoft issue where keystrokes are not recorded.
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### User identifier formats
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Browser-based RDP supports connecting to Windows machines using the following login credentials:
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Cloudflare will not configure user identifiers on the RDP target. Any user identifier used to authenticate must be pre-configured on the server.
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:::
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#### Microsoft Entra ID
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User identifiers that are bound to Microsoft Entra ID domains must enter their username as AzureAD\[email protected] or as AzureAD\user. The AzureAD\ prefix is case-insensitive.
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The login flow differs slightly when using an Microsoft Entra ID-bound username.
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1. Enter your username in one of the formats outlined above.
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2. Once the username is entered, the password box will disappear, and the RDP connection will initiate.
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3. The RDP server will then prompt for the password before granting you access to your RDP server.
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-**TLS certificate verification**: Cloudflare uses TLS to connect to the RDP target but does not verify the origin TLS certificate.
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-**WARP authentication**: Since browser-based RDP traffic does not go through the WARP client, users cannot use their [WARP session identity](/cloudflare-one/connections/connect-devices/warp/configure-warp/warp-sessions/#configure-warp-sessions-in-access) to authenticate.
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-**Audio over RDP**: Users cannot use their microphone and speaker to interact with the remote machine.
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-**Clipboard size limit**: Data copied to/from your local machine or your browser-based RDP session may not exceed 500 KB.
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-**Clipboard controls**: Admins do not have the ability to restrict copy/paste actions between the remote machine and the user's local clipboard.
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-**File transfers**: Users cannot copy/paste files from their local machine to the remote machine and vice versa.
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