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| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +title: Wrangler and the Cloudflare Vite plugin support `.env` files in local development |
| 3 | +description: Use `.env` files to provide secrets and override environment variables on the `env` object during local development. |
| 4 | +products: |
| 5 | + - workers |
| 6 | +date: 2025-08-01T01:00:00Z |
| 7 | +--- |
| 8 | + |
| 9 | +Now, you can use `.env` files to provide secrets and override environment variables on the `env` object during local development with Wrangler and the Cloudflare Vite plugin. |
| 10 | + |
| 11 | +Previously in local development, if you wanted to provide secrets or environment variables during local development, you had to use `.dev.vars` files. |
| 12 | +This is still supported, but you can now also use `.env` files, which are more familiar to many developers. |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +## Using `.env` files in local development |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +You can create a `.env` file in your project root to define environment variables that will be used when running `wrangler dev` or `vite dev`. The `.env` file should be formatted like a `dotenv` file, such as `KEY="VALUE"`: |
| 17 | + |
| 18 | +```bash title=".env" |
| 19 | +TITLE="My Worker" |
| 20 | +API_TOKEN="dev-token" |
| 21 | +``` |
| 22 | + |
| 23 | +When you run `wrangler dev` or `vite dev`, the environment variables defined in the `.env` file will be available in your Worker code via the `env` object: |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +```javascript |
| 26 | +export default { |
| 27 | + async fetch(request, env) { |
| 28 | + const title = env.TITLE; // "My Worker" |
| 29 | + const apiToken = env.API_TOKEN; // "dev-token" |
| 30 | + const response = await fetch( |
| 31 | + `https://api.example.com/data?token=${apiToken}`, |
| 32 | + ); |
| 33 | + return new Response(`Title: ${title} - ` + (await response.text())); |
| 34 | + }, |
| 35 | +}; |
| 36 | +``` |
| 37 | + |
| 38 | +## Multiple environments with `.env` files |
| 39 | + |
| 40 | +You may be using [Cloudflare Environments](/workers/wrangler/environments/) to deploy different versions of a Worker with distinct environment variables. For instance, you may have a production and staging environment. |
| 41 | + |
| 42 | +To set different environment variables for each Cloudflare Environment, create files named `.env.<environment-name>`. |
| 43 | + |
| 44 | +When you use `wrangler <command> --env <environment-name>` or `CLOUDFLARE_ENV=<environment-name> vite dev`, the corresponding environment-specific file will also be loaded and merged with the `.env` file. |
| 45 | + |
| 46 | +For example, if you want to set different environment variables for the `staging` environment, you can create a file named `.env.staging`: |
| 47 | + |
| 48 | +```bash title=".env.staging" |
| 49 | +API_TOKEN="staging-token" |
| 50 | +``` |
| 51 | + |
| 52 | +When you run `wrangler dev --env staging` or `CLOUDFLARE_ENV=staging vite dev`, the environment variables from `.env.staging` will be merged onto those from `.env`. |
| 53 | + |
| 54 | +```javascript |
| 55 | +export default { |
| 56 | + async fetch(request, env) { |
| 57 | + const title = env.TITLE; // "My Worker" (from `.env`) |
| 58 | + const apiToken = env.API_TOKEN; // "staging-token" (from `.env.staging`, overriding the value from `.env`) |
| 59 | + const response = await fetch( |
| 60 | + `https://api.example.com/data?token=${apiToken}`, |
| 61 | + ); |
| 62 | + return new Response(`Title: ${title} - ` + (await response.text())); |
| 63 | + }, |
| 64 | +}; |
| 65 | +``` |
| 66 | + |
| 67 | +## Find out more |
| 68 | + |
| 69 | +For more information on how to use `.env` files with Wrangler and the Cloudflare Vite plugin, see the following documentation: |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +- [Environment variables and secrets](/workers/development-testing/environment-variables) |
| 72 | +- [Wrangler Documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler) |
| 73 | +- [Cloudflare Vite Plugin Documentation](https://developers.cloudflare.com/workers/wrangler/vite) |
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