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docs/cloudlinuxos/cloudlinux_os_kernel/README.md

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This documentation describes specific features of the CloudLinux kernel. In other cases the kernel has the same features and innovations as any similar RHEL kernel.
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More information about the actual kernel changes and releases can be obtained from our [changelog](https://changelog.cloudlinux.com/).
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* [CL9 LTS kernel](./#cl9-lts-kernel)
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* [LTS kernel](./#lts-kernel)
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* [Hybrid Kernels](./#hybrid-kernels)
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* [SecureLinks and Link Traversal Protection](./#securelinks-and-link-traversal-protection)
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* [File change API](./#file-change-api)
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* [Enter LVE when using cPanel utilities](./#enter-lve-when-using-cpanel-utilities)
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* [Proactive reporting kernel crash events with Sentry and Kernel Panic Receiver](./#proactive-reporting-kernel-crash-events-with-sentry-and-kernel-panic-receiver)
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## CL9 LTS kernel
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## LTS kernel
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In CL9 we don’t have our own kernel, instead we use AlmaLinux’s one which gets regular upstream updates.
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For stability purposes we have also prepared the LTS (Long Term Support) kernel which is older than AlmaLinux by upstream version but has all security fixes / high scored CVEs.
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We recommend this kernel as it minimizes changes while maintaining comprehensive CVE coverage.
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Also, this kernel is available for CL8 serving as an analogue of Hybrid kernel (CL9 LTS kernel + CL8 system).
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### How To Install
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Run the following commands:
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The LTS kernel is compatible with CL8 / CL9 systems.
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Install the LTS kernel main packages
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```
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dnf install -y --allowerasing kernel-lts kmod-lve-lts perf-lts bpftool-lts
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```
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In case you have dkms third-party modules that need devel package you should install them too:
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```
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dnf install -y kernel-lts-devel kernel-lts-devel-matched
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dnf install kernel-lts
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```
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::: tip Note
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If kernel-lts-purge-all was previously installed then add --allowerasing
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:::
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After that, you should reboot:
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```
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reboot
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```
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::: tip Note
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Some systems might do additional SELinux relabeling and they will reboot one more time.
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:::
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After the reboot, you should delete regular kernels to prevent regular updates from overwriting default boot kernel:
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After the reboot, replace all kernel packages with LTS versions
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```
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dnf remove kernel-core
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dnf install --allowerasing kernel-lts-install-all
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```
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This will:
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- Install all matching -lts tools (e.g., perf-lts, bpftool-lts, etc.)
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- Remove kernel-core to avoid accidental switch to it on updates
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- Remove original kernel tools packages to avoid file conflicts
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### Reverting to the Original Kernel Environment
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You should see the similar dnf output:
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Use this path to return from the LTS kernel to the generic kernel.
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![](/images/dnf-cl9-lts.png)
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Install the original kernel core
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```
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dnf install --allowerasing kernel
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```
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After that, you should reboot:
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```
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reboot
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```
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Replace all LTS kernel packages with original versions
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```
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dnf install --allowerasing kernel-lts-purge-all
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```
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This will:
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- Install original versions of tools (e.g., perf, bpftool, etc.)
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- Remove all -lts packages (except kernel-lts-purge-all itself, it's ok to remove it later, but not required)
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## Hybrid Kernels
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docs/cloudlinuxos/limits/README.md

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```
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</div>
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Sets <span class="notranslate">CPU</span> limit to 25%, <span class="notranslate">IO</span> limit to 1024KB/s, <span class="notranslate">virtual memory</span> limit to 1GB (memory limit is set as a number of 4096 bytes pages), <span class="notranslate">physical memory</span> limit to 1GB, <span class="notranslate"> CPU</span> cores per LVE to 1, maximum entry processes to 200 and no limit for number of processes for all LVEs. It also sets the limit of 30% and number of processes limit to 5 for LVE with ID 532.
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Sets <span class="notranslate">CPU</span> limit to 25%, <span class="notranslate">IO</span> limit to 1024KB/s, <span class="notranslate">virtual memory</span> limit to 1GB (memory limit is set as a number of 4096 bytes pages), <span class="notranslate">physical memory</span> limit to 1GB, <span class="notranslate"> CPU</span> cores per LVE to 1, maximum entry processes to 200 and no limit for number of processes for all LVEs. It also sets the limit of 30% and number of processes limit to 5 for LVE with ID 532.
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:::tip Note
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In cPanel, setting a value to be inherited from the LVE_DEFAULT package will not be applied to the current LVE package
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:::
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### Checking LVE usage
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docs/cloudlinuxos/shared-pro/README.md

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<span class="notranslate">X-Ray</span> can gather and visualize information about top N slowest system functions, external requests, software modules and database queries of the client’s website.
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### Known limitations
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<span class="notranslate">X-Ray</span> is not compatible with Opcahce JIT optimization.
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<span class="notranslate">X-Ray</span> is not compatible with Opcache JIT optimization.
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Once <span class="notranslate">X-Ray</span> tracing task is running for the site the Opcache JIT optimization will be disabled until tracing task completed.
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### Installation

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