sql/schemachanger: add dml injection tests for vector indexes

Previously, we didn't have DML injection tests for creating vector
indexes or changing the primary key on tables with vector indexes. We
now add these.

Informs: #144443
Release notes: none

Author: fqazi

pkg/ccl/schemachangerccl/sctestbackupccl/backup_base_generated_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+setup
+SET CLUSTER SETTING feature.vector_index.enabled = true;
+SET CLUSTER SETTING sql.vecindex.deterministic_fixups.enabled = true;
+CREATE TABLE t (i INT PRIMARY KEY, j INT NOT NULL, embedding VECTOR(3), metadata TEXT);
+INSERT INTO t(i, j, embedding, metadata) VALUES (-4, -4, '[1,2,3]', 'data1'), (-2, -2, '[4,5,6]', 'data2'), (-3, -3, NULL, 'null_data');
+CREATE VECTOR INDEX vec_idx ON t(embedding);
+----
+
+# Test DML operations during primary key alteration with vector indexes
+# Vector indexes should be recreated with proper partial predicates
+stage-exec phase=PostCommitPhase stage=:
+INSERT INTO t VALUES($stageKey, $stageKey, '[7,8,9]', 'stage_data');
+INSERT INTO t VALUES($stageKey + 1, $stageKey + 1, NULL, 'stage_null');
+UPDATE t SET embedding = '[10,11,12]' WHERE i = $stageKey;
+UPDATE t SET metadata = 'updated_stage' WHERE i = $stageKey + 1;
+DELETE FROM t WHERE i=-4;
+DELETE FROM t WHERE i=$stageKey;
+INSERT INTO t VALUES($stageKey, $stageKey, '[13,14,15]', 'stage_reinsert');
+INSERT INTO t VALUES(-4, -4, '[1,2,3]', 'data1');
+----
+
+# Verify vector data is correctly indexed during recreation
+stage-query phase=PostCommitPhase stage=:
+SELECT count(*)=$successfulStageCount FROM (
+    SELECT metadata FROM t@vec_idx ORDER BY embedding <-> '[13, 14, 15]' LIMIT 20)
+WHERE metadata = 'stage_reinsert';
+----
+true
+
+stage-exec phase=PostCommitNonRevertiblePhase stage=:
+INSERT INTO t VALUES($stageKey + 100, $stageKey + 100, '[16,17,18]', 'final_data');
+INSERT INTO t VALUES($stageKey + 101, $stageKey + 101, NULL, 'final_null');
+UPDATE t SET embedding = '[19,20,21]' WHERE i = $stageKey + 100;
+UPDATE t SET metadata = 'updated_final' WHERE embedding IS NULL;
+DELETE FROM t WHERE i=-4;
+DELETE FROM t WHERE i=$stageKey + 100;
+INSERT INTO t VALUES($stageKey + 100, $stageKey + 100, '[22,23,24]', 'final_reinsert');
+INSERT INTO t VALUES(-4, -4, '[1,2,3]', 'data1');
+----
+
+# Verify final state after primary key change
+stage-query phase=PostCommitNonRevertiblePhase stage=:
+SELECT count(*)=$successfulStageCount FROM (
+    SELECT metadata FROM t@vec_idx ORDER BY embedding <-> '[22,23,24]' LIMIT 20)
+WHERE metadata = 'final_reinsert';
+----
+true
+
+test
+ALTER TABLE t ALTER PRIMARY KEY USING COLUMNS (j)
+----