changefeedccl: make TestChangefeedJobUpdateFailsIfNotClaimed less flaky

Recent changes to make changefeed.resolved_timestamp.granularity
metamorphic has made tests more flaky due to causing more timeouts.
TestChangefeedJobUpdateFailsIfNotClaimed was especially flaky, but its
timeout is improved by accounting for
changefeed.resolved_timestamp.granularity.

Epic: none
Fixes: #144912

Release note: none

Author: rharding6373

pkg/ccl/changefeedccl/changefeed_test.go

@@ -6132,8 +6132,6 @@ func TestChangefeedJobUpdateFailsIfNotClaimed(t *testing.T) {
 	defer leaktest.AfterTest(t)()
 	defer log.Scope(t).Close(t)
 
-	skip.WithIssue(t, 144912)
-
 	// Set TestingKnobs to return a known session for easier
 	// comparison.
 	adoptionInterval := 20 * time.Minute
@@ -6175,9 +6173,11 @@ func TestChangefeedJobUpdateFailsIfNotClaimed(t *testing.T) {
 		// another node.
 		sqlDB.Exec(t, `UPDATE system.jobs SET claim_session_id = NULL WHERE id = $1`, jobID)
 
-		timeout := 5 * time.Second
+		timeout := (5 * time.Second) + changefeedbase.Quantize.Get(&s.Server.ClusterSettings().SV)
+
 		if util.RaceEnabled {
-			timeout = 30 * time.Second
+			// Timeout should be at least 30s to allow for race conditions.
+			timeout += 25 * time.Second
 		}
 		// Expect that the distflow fails since it can't
 		// update the checkpoint.