[release-branch.go1.24] net/mail: avoid quadratic behavior in mail address parsing

RFC 5322 domain-literal parsing built the dtext value one character
at a time with string concatenation, resulting in excessive
resource consumption when parsing very large domain-literal values.

Replace with a subslice.

Benchmark not included in this CL because it's too narrow to be
of general ongoing use, but for:

    ParseAddress("alice@[" + strings.Repeat("a", 0x40000) + "]")

goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: net/mail
cpu: Apple M4 Pro
                │  /tmp/bench.0  │            /tmp/bench.1             │
                │     sec/op     │   sec/op     vs base                │
ParseAddress-14   1987.732m ± 9%   1.524m ± 5%  -99.92% (p=0.000 n=10)

                │   /tmp/bench.0   │             /tmp/bench.1              │
                │       B/op       │     B/op      vs base                 │
ParseAddress-14   33692.767Mi ± 0%   1.282Mi ± 0%  -100.00% (p=0.000 n=10)

                │  /tmp/bench.0  │            /tmp/bench.1            │
                │   allocs/op    │ allocs/op   vs base                │
ParseAddress-14   263711.00 ± 0%   17.00 ± 0%  -99.99% (p=0.000 n=10)

Thanks to Philippe Antoine (Catena cyber) for reporting this issue.

Fixes CVE-2025-61725
For golang#75680
Fixes golang#75700

Change-Id: Id971c2d5b59882bb476e22fceb7e01ec08234bb7
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/2840
Reviewed-by: Roland Shoemaker <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Nicholas Husin <[email protected]>
Reviewed-on: https://go-internal-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/2962
Reviewed-by: Damien Neil <[email protected]>
Reviewed-on: https://go-review.googlesource.com/c/go/+/709835
Auto-Submit: Michael Pratt <[email protected]>
TryBot-Bypass: Michael Pratt <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Carlos Amedee <[email protected]>

Author: neild

src/net/mail/message.go

@@ -725,7 +725,8 @@ func (p *addrParser) consumeDomainLiteral() (string, error) {
 	}
 
 	// Parse the dtext
-	var dtext string
+	dtext := p.s
+	dtextLen := 0
 	for {
 		if p.empty() {
 			return "", errors.New("mail: unclosed domain-literal")
@@ -742,9 +743,10 @@ func (p *addrParser) consumeDomainLiteral() (string, error) {
 			return "", fmt.Errorf("mail: bad character in domain-literal: %q", r)
 		}
 
-		dtext += p.s[:size]
+		dtextLen += size
 		p.s = p.s[size:]
 	}
+	dtext = dtext[:dtextLen]
 
 	// Skip the trailing ]
 	if !p.consume(']') {