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You are correct that the main *bottleneck* is the line.
since string concatenation and conversion of **a potentially large number (up to 1000) integers to strings** is slow. Let's optimize this.
# Key Points
1. For up to 1000 numbers, `" ".join(map(str, ...))` is as fast as generally possible in pure Python; however, we can squeeze out extra performance by.
- Using a generator expression instead of `map(str, ...)` (sometimes slightly faster).
- Pre-allocating with `str.join()` is already optimal—the slow part is integer-to-string conversion.
2. **Third-party libraries** like `numpy` are not permitted (and likely would not help).
3. **List comprehension** or **generator** and join are similar.
4. **Manual Cythonization** or **multithreading** would not help for just 1000 numbers; the overhead is not worth it.
## Micro-optimization
- Convert all integers to strings in a list comprehension up front.
- Pre-size the list to avoid internal resizing (not a big win for 1000 items, but in tight inner loops it helps).
- Localize function lookups for repeated calls (bind frequently used function to local variable—CPython trick).
### The fastest you can get in pure Python is something like.
Or, **if you want to avoid the tiny overhead of list creation**, you could use a generator expression (possibly *slower* for small N).
But either way, for 1000 elements, this is about as fast as Python gets.
#### [ADVANCED OPTIMIZATION]
For number ≤ 1000, you can use a **precomputed cache** if this function is called repeatedly with the *same value* for `number`, to save all allocations and conversions after the first time.
If you don't expect repeated calls (or they are for different `number`s), the above is unnecessary.
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# FINAL FASTER VERSION
Precompute for commonly used values (if applicable), localize lookups, use list comprehension (marginally faster than generator expression).
- If you anticipate only a single call, you can omit the cache and just localize `str`.
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**In summary:** The improvement is mostly microseconds, as Python's `" ".join([str(i) for i in ...])` is already quite efficient for this size. For multiple calls, the cached version will be fastest. Otherwise, **just localizing the `str` lookup for the tight loop is your best hope** for reducing conversion time.
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## Fastest possible in pure python (with caching).
- **All comments preserved as per instruction.**
- You can use this as a drop-in replacement.
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