diff --git a/src/numerical/monte_carlo.py b/src/numerical/monte_carlo.py
index 070ae2f..d496c0e 100644
--- a/src/numerical/monte_carlo.py
+++ b/src/numerical/monte_carlo.py
@@ -3,13 +3,17 @@
 
 def monte_carlo_pi(num_samples: int) -> float:
     """Estimate π using Monte Carlo method."""
+    # Use local variable lookups for functions used in loop (reduces attribute lookup in tight loop)
+    uniform = random.uniform
+
     inside_circle = 0
 
+    # Use local variable for accumulator
+    rng = (-1.0, 1.0)
     for _ in range(num_samples):
-        x = random.uniform(-1, 1)
-        y = random.uniform(-1, 1)
-
-        if x**2 + y**2 <= 1:
+        x = uniform(*rng)
+        y = uniform(*rng)
+        if x * x + y * y <= 1.0:
             inside_circle += 1
 
     return 4 * inside_circle / num_samples