Add support for `.whl` archives to rattler

[travishathaway]

Checklist

• I added a descriptive title
• I searched open requests and couldn't find a duplicate

What is the idea?

The following pull request contains an incomplete implementation of wheel support for rattler:

• experimental: add support for wheel packages to repodata parsing #1918

We want to add proper support for wheel archive files though and that pull request should be seen as a starting point. For this issue, we just want to focus on adding the new ArchiveType support. Adding support for parsing this new repodata format will be handled in a separate issue.

Why is this needed?

This work is being done so that rattler can properly implement the Repodata Wheel Support CEP when/if it is passed.

What should happen?

• Look for all the places where the existing archive file types are referenced (e.g. tar.bz and .conda) and add a .whl entry
• Examine existing tests for these new formats and add new ones where it makes sense
• Update py-rattler to account for this new archive type (py-rattler/package_streaming) (add new tests for this there too)

Additional Context

I understand that this conversation is still in flux and the CEP is yet to be formally adopted, so please take all of this with a grain a salt and acknowledge that it may change.

[danyeaw]

Closing since initial support for wheel as an ArchiveType is now merged.