feat: implement sequential 13->14 AST transformation with helper functions

- Replace direct 13->17 transformation with sequential approach
- Add transform13To14 main function with comprehensive node type handling
- Implement helper functions for all major node types (A_Const, Alias, RangeVar, etc.)
- Add utility functions for node arrays and optional nodes
- Create placeholder functions for 14->15, 15->16, 16->17 transformations
- Add transformToLatest function for incremental upgrades

Note: Some TypeScript type issues remain to be resolved

Co-Authored-By: Dan Lynch <[email protected]>

Author: devin-ai-integration[bot]