Fix issue #217: Wrap FuncCall arguments in parentheses when using :: cast syntax

- Fixes operator precedence issues with double casts like CAST(...AS text)::date
- Wraps FuncCall arguments (e.g., AT TIME ZONE expressions) in parentheses
- Prevents :: operator from binding to wrong operand
- Refactored empty if block to pass lint checks
- Updated pg-catalog snapshot to reflect correct parenthesization

This is a minimal fix with only 13 lines changed in the TypeCast function.

Co-Authored-By: Dan Lynch <[email protected]>

Author: pyramation

packages/deparser/__tests__/misc/__snapshots__/pg-catalog.test.ts.snap

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 exports[`should format pg_catalog.char with pretty option enabled 1`] = `
 "CREATE TABLE dashboard_jobs.jobs (
   id bigserial PRIMARY KEY,
-  queue_name text DEFAULT public.gen_random_uuid()::text,
+  queue_name text DEFAULT (public.gen_random_uuid())::text,
   task_identifier text NOT NULL,
   payload pg_catalog.json DEFAULT '{}'::json NOT NULL,
   priority int DEFAULT 0 NOT NULL,

packages/deparser/src/deparser.ts

@@ -2255,9 +2255,14 @@ export class Deparser implements DeparserVisitor {
 
       if (isSimpleArgument || isFunctionCall) {
         // For simple arguments, avoid :: syntax if they have complex structure
-        if (isSimpleArgument && (arg.includes('(') || arg.startsWith('-'))) {
-        } else {
+        const shouldUseCastSyntax = isSimpleArgument && (arg.includes('(') || arg.startsWith('-'));
+        
+        if (!shouldUseCastSyntax) {
           const cleanTypeName = typeName.replace('pg_catalog.', '');
+          // Wrap FuncCall arguments in parentheses to prevent operator precedence issues
+          if (isFunctionCall) {
+            return `(${arg})::${cleanTypeName}`;
+          }
           return `${arg}::${cleanTypeName}`;
         }
       }