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‎lang/cpp20/implicit_creation_of_objects_for_low-level_object_manipulation.html

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<p class="text-right"><small>
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</li>
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<li>Cライブラリ関数<ul>
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<li><code>std::aligned_alloc</code></li>
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<li><code>std::calloc</code></li>
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<li><code><a href="../../reference/cstdlib/calloc.html">std::calloc</a></code></li>
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<li><code>std::malloc</code></li>
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<li><code>std::realloc</code></li>
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<li><code>std::memcpy</code></li>

‎reference/cstdlib.html

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<td></td>
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<td><code>calloc</code></td>
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<td><code><a href="cstdlib/calloc.html">calloc</a></code></td>
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<td>メモリを確保し、領域をゼロ初期化する (function)</td>
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‎reference/cstdlib/calloc.html

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<div class="identifier-type">function</div><div class="header">&lt;cstdlib&gt;</div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="token">calloc</span></h1>
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<div itemprop="articleBody"><h2>概要</h2>
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<p><pre><code>void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
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</code></pre></p>
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<p>任意の個数のオブジェクトへの配列用ポインタを動的に確保し、その領域を0で初期化する。</p>
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<p>この関数で返されるポインタは、割当領域の先頭のポインタである。</p>
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<p>領域が割り当てられない場合は、<code><a href="../../lang/cpp11/nullptr.html">nullptr</a></code>を返す。</p>
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<p>割り当てられたオブジェクトの寿命は、このメモリが割り当てられてられた時から、<code><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdlib/free.md.nolink">free</span></code>などで解放されるまでである。</p>
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<p>この関数は、静的ストレージにはアクセスしない、スレッドセーフである。</p>
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<h2>備考</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><code>calloc</code>、<code>malloc</code>および <code>realloc</code>関数による連続的なメモリ確保によるメモリの割当の順序、連続性は<a class="cpprefjp-defined-word" data-desc="未定義の動作。処理系は予期せぬ動作をする可能性がある。要するに動作保証対象外。undefined behavior (UB)。" href="../../implementation-compliance.html#dfn-undefined-behavior">未定義</a>。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>例</h2>
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<p><div class="yata" id="e077306c620e0c310efb2f25e886ff9ab7c0b355"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
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<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdlib.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>
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<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">calloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span> <span class="c1">// 4個のint配列のポインタを確保、0二初期化</span>
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<span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">calloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]));</span> <span class="c1">// 上と同じ</span>
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<span class="kt">int</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">p3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">calloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">sizeof</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// 上と同じ</span>
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<span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">n</span> <span class="o">&lt;</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"p2[%d] == %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div></p>
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<h2>出力例</h2>
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<p><pre><code>p2[0] == 0
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p2[1] == 0
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p2[2] == 0
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p2[3] == 0
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</code></pre></p>
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<h2>関連項目</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdlib" title="free.md.nolink">"free"</span>:確保されたメモリを解放する。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>参照</h2>
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<p>-<span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdlib" title="https://www.dii.uchile.cl/~daespino/files/Iso_C_1999_definition.pdf">7.20.3 Memory management functions</span></p></div>
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