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‎lang/cpp14/sized_deallocation.html

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<p class="text-right"><small>
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最終更新日時(UTC):
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<span itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-07-08T07:33:21">
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2024年07月08日 07時33分21秒
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</span>
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<br/>
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<span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
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<span itemprop="name">Akira Takahashi</span>
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<span itemprop="name">K10-K10</span>
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</span>
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</small></p>
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<span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">operator</span> <span class="k">new</span><span class="p">[](</span><span class="n"><a href="../../reference/cstddef/size_t.html">std::size_t</a></span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="n"><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdio/printf.md.nolink">std::printf</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"new size:%zu</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf"><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdlib/malloc.md.nolink">std::malloc</span></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="k">return</span> <span class="nf"><a href="../../reference/cstdlib/malloc.html">std::malloc</a></span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">size</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="kt">void</span> <span class="k">operator</span> <span class="k">delete</span><span class="p">[](</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">noexcept</span>

‎reference/cstdlib.html

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<p class="text-right"><small>
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最終更新日時(UTC):
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<span itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-07-07T05:21:12">
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<td>C++17</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><code><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdlib/malloc.md.nolink">malloc</span></code></td>
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<td><code><a href="cstdlib/malloc.html">malloc</a></code></td>
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<td>メモリを確保する (function)</td>
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<td></td>
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‎reference/cstdlib/calloc.html

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<span itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-07-07T05:41:51">
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<span itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person">
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<div itemprop="articleBody"><h2>概要</h2>
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<p><pre><code>void *calloc(size_t nmemb, size_t size);
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</code></pre></p>
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<p>任意の個数のオブジェクトへの配列用ポインタを動的に確保し、その領域を0で初期化する。</p>
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<p>任意の個数のオブジェクトへの配列用ポインタを動的に確保し、その領域を 0 で初期化する。</p>
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<p>この関数で返されるポインタは、割当領域の先頭のポインタである。</p>
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<p>領域が割り当てられない場合は、<code><a href="../../lang/cpp11/nullptr.html">nullptr</a></code>を返す。</p>
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<p>割り当てられたオブジェクトの寿命は、このメモリが割り当てられてられた時から、<code><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/reference/cstdlib/free.md.nolink">free</span></code>などで解放されるまでである。</p>
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<p>この関数は、静的ストレージにはアクセスしない、スレッドセーフである。</p>
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<h2>備考</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><code>calloc</code>、<code>malloc</code>および <code>realloc</code>関数による連続的なメモリ確保によるメモリの割当の順序、連続性は不定である。</li>
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<li>
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<p><code>calloc</code>、<code>malloc</code>および <code>realloc</code>関数による連続的なメモリ確保によるメモリの割当の順序、連続性は不定である。</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>目盛りリークを避けるため、この関数で確保したメモリは、<code>free</code>などを使い、メモリ解放するべきである。</p>
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</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>例</h2>
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<p><div class="yata" id="e077306c620e0c310efb2f25e886ff9ab7c0b355"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf">&lt;stdio.h&gt;</span><span class="cp"></span>

‎reference/cstdlib/malloc.html

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<span itemprop="name">malloc</span>
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最終更新日時(UTC):
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<span itemprop="datePublished" content="2025-07-07T05:41:51">
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2025年07月07日 05時41分51秒
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<span itemprop="name">Raclamusi</span>
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が更新
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<span class="fa fa-fw fa-clock-o fa-flip-horizontal"></span>履歴
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<span class="fa fa-fw fa-pencil"></span>編集
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<div class="identifier-type">function</div><div class="header">&lt;cstdlib&gt;</div><h1 itemprop="name"><span class="namespace" title="namespace std">std::</span><span class="token">malloc</span></h1>
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<div itemprop="articleBody"><h2>概要</h2>
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<p><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="kt">void</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="nf">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="kt">size_t</span> <span class="n">size</span> <span class="p">);</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</p>
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<p>初期化されていない<code>size_t</code>個の<code>size</code>型配列のメモリを確保する。</p>
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<p>確保可能なら、配列の初めのポインタを返す。</p>
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<p>確保不可能なら、<code>null</code>を返す。</p>
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<p>確保するサイズが 0 の時に<code>malloc</code>が返す値は、定義されていない。</p>
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<p>具体的には、<code>null</code>ポインタが返される場合もある。</p>
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<p>また、<code>null</code>以外のポインタが返された場合もあり、この場合はメモリリークを避けるため参照を解除せずに<code>free</code>関数に渡すべきである。</p>
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<p>この関数でできた、オブジェクトの寿命は、メモリ割り当て時から、 <code>free</code>などで解放されるまでである。</p>
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<h2>備考</h2>
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<p>この関数はスレッドセーフである。</p>
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<p>メモリリークを避けるため、この関数で確保したメモリは、<code>free</code>などを使い、メモリ解放するべきである。</p>
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<h2>例</h2>
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<p>cppref より引用。</p>
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<p><div class="yata" id="4c71976ad203b9ab97377136d8117e4a53bca8f7"><div class="codehilite"><pre><span></span><code><span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><a href="../iostream.html">&lt;iostream&gt;</a></span><span class="cp"></span>
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<span class="cp">#include</span> <span class="cpf"><a href="../cstdlib.html">&lt;cstdlib&gt;</a></span><span class="cp"></span>
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<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">void</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p1</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">));</span> <span class="c1">// 4個のint型配列の目盛りを確保</span>
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<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p2</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">]));</span> <span class="c1">// 上と同じ。</span>
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<span class="kt">int</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p3</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">malloc</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="k">sizeof</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="c1">// 上と同じ。</span>
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<span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
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<span class="k">for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">;</span>
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<span class="k">for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="o">&lt;</span><span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">++</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">)</span>
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<span class="n">printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"p1[%d] == %d</span><span class="se">\n</span><span class="s">"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">n</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">n</span><span class="p">]);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p1</span><span class="p">);</span><span class="c1">//メモリを開放</span>
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<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p2</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="n">free</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">p3</span><span class="p">);</span>
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<span class="p">}</span>
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</code></pre></div>
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</div></p>
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<h2>出力例</h2>
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<p><pre><code>p1[0] == 0
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p1[1] == 1
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p1[2] == 4
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p1[3] == 9
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</code></pre></p>
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<h2>関連リンク</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><code><span href="https://cpprefjp.github.io/cstdlib/free.md.nolink">free</span></code>: 確保したメモリを解放する。</li>
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</ul>
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<h2>参照</h2>
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<ul>
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<li><a href="https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg14/www/docs/n2310.pdf" target="_blank">7.22.3 Memory management functions</a></li>
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