Does training on CC-BY-NC prevent use and execution for commercial purposes of the model?

[drawnto]

According to Using CC-Licensed Works for AI Training

CC BY-NC and CC BY-NC-SA give permission for NonCommercial uses only. If AI training data includes the NonCommercial restriction, then following the NC restriction would require that all stages, from copying the data during training to sharing the trained model, must not be for commercial gain.

I find the wording of the last sentence unclear:

If AI training data includes the NonCommercial restriction, then following the NC restriction would require that all stages, from copying the data during training to sharing the trained model, must not be for commercial gain.

Can a model trained on CC-BY-NC be executed or otherwise used for commercial use in any way?
Could an AI chip company use it benchmarks which will be used for advertising their product?

I find there is a conflict between "all stages" and the naturally incomplete listing of scenarios listed as an "interval" (from X to Y) of scenarios. I would like to see the language changed to make unambiguous for creators what they consent to as AI training on human creative output without their consent is understated a hot button issue.

[ccjocelyn]

This depends on whether or not AI training is permitted by copyright. The protections afforded by CC licenses only extend as far as copyright does. You can read more about this in our blog post about CC Licenses and AI training: "AI training is often permitted by copyright. This means that the CC license conditions have limited application to machine reuse. This also means that using a more restrictive CC license in an effort to prevent AI training is not an effective approach. In fact, restrictive licensing may actually end up preventing the kind of sharing you want (like allowing for translation, for example), while not being effective to block AI training."

Further, in our report we speak about why expanding copyright is not the answer to this challenge!

[drawnto]

This seems unrelated to my underlying point. The conflict between the excerpts exists independent of the CC license affords not protection. Assuming copyright applies i am looking for an answer to my question.

[TimidRobot]

The FAQ entry, Does my use violate the NonCommercial clause of the licenses?, addresses your question.

[TimidRobot]

(@drawnto it looks like the blockquote in the start of the discussion contains the same excerpt pasted twice. Please edit it if you have a chance.)