Linker cannot find symbols in static C library when cross compiling rust to android

[bitdriftr]

I am trying to cross-compile Rust code for x86_64 Android using Cross (I am running macOS 13 with M1 chip).
This code uses symbols from a static C library that I've built myself.
Upon reaching the link step, I am hit with the error :

          ld: error: undefined symbol: espeak_Initialize
          >>> referenced by lib.rs:108 (packages/espeak/src/lib.rs:108)
          >>>               /target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/oratio_espeak-6fba08adc959e6d8.3x6nmh9h9fre8r93.rcgu.o:(oratio_espeak::initialize::h403ba8dd7c5de0ec)
          clang140: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

I am 100% sure that the library is actually found, because -L/-l flags are properly set, and if I try to change them I get the error "cannot find library".

In order to cross-build the C library I use the following (using Android NDK on M1 mac) :

PATH=$NDK_HOME/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/darwin-x86_64/bin:$PATH
CC="x86_64-linux-android33-clang"
CXX="x86_64-linux-android33-clang++"

./autogen.sh
./configure --host=aarch64-apple-darwin --target=x86_64-linux-android
make

Here is some info about the resulting archive :

$ nm libespeak-ng.a | grep espeak_Initialize
0000000000000000 T espeak_Initialize

$ objdump -f libespeak-ng.a
libespeak-ng.a(libespeak_ng_la-case.o):	file format elf64-x86-64
architecture: x86_64
start address: 0x0000000000000000

[repeat for all object files...]

What can cause missing symbols even when the library is found and actually contains the symbols?

Here is the exact built library I am trying to link : https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y9YgkDMrfkpct4ee-ETvRmxXv1zBsSzz/view?usp=sharing

EDIT : Here are the command used for building/linking.

$ cross test --target x86_64-linux-android --config target.x86_64-linux-android.linker="'/android-ndk/bin/x86_64-linux-android33-clang'" --config target.x86_64-linux-android.ar="'/android-ndk/bin/x86_64-linux-android-ar'"

Note that I also tried without the --config, when doing so it changes the linker from x86_64-linux-android33-clang to cc but gives the same result.

Linker invocation (each argument have been put on newline for readability) :

LC_ALL="C"
PATH="/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/android-ndk/bin:/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/bin"
VSLANG="1033"
"/android-ndk/bin/x86_64-linux-android33-clang"
"-m64"
"/tmp/rustcEr0LI7/symbols.o"
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/oratio_espeak-74e896619faec8e7.119cce293ejvq2cd.rcgu.o"
[other similar .rcgu.o ommitted for brevity]
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/oratio_espeak-74e896619faec8e7.2s376qmbbifeevz2.rcgu.o"
"-Wl,--as-needed"
"-L"
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps"
"-L"
"/target/debug/deps"
"-L"
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/build/oratio-espeak-7547cefa827890c5/out/espeak-ng/x86_64-linux-android" <-- note: this folder contains libespeak-ng.a
"-L"
"/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-linux-android/lib"
"-lespeak-ng"
"-Wl,-Bstatic"
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/libespeakng_sys-70bc6650c0b39573.rlib"
"/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-linux-android/lib/libtest-e3fab4d163e91148.rlib"
[other similar .rlib ommitted for brevity]
"/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-linux-android/lib/librustc_std_workspace_std-74e842bbf3699e1d.rlib"
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/libparking_lot-27cc7ea2042fb770.rlib"
[other similar .rlib ommitted for brevity]
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/libeither-c29c058d37529903.rlib"
"/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-linux-android/lib/libstd-37d05f9f3fc29d7b.rlib"
[other similar .rlib ommitted for brevity]
"/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-linux-android/lib/libcompiler_builtins-3a801941068d9a2c.rlib"
"-Wl,-Bdynamic"
"-lespeak-ng"
"-ldl"
"-llog"
"-lunwind"
"-ldl"
"-lm"
"-lc"
"-Wl,--eh-frame-hdr"
"-Wl,-z,noexecstack"
"-L"
"/Users/arthur/.rustup/toolchains/nightly-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/x86_64-linux-android/lib"
"-o"
"/target/x86_64-linux-android/debug/deps/oratio_espeak-74e896619faec8e7"
"-Wl,--gc-sections"
"-pie"
"-Wl,-z,relro,-z,now"
"-nodefaultlibs"

Also asked on Stack Overflow : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77464901/linker-cannot-find-symbols-in-static-c-library-when-cross-compiling-rust-to-andr

[Emilgardis]

Please post the full log with the cross invocation, build and error message.

As it stands, its very hard to help you because youve given a lot of information, but some crucial information to give it all some context is missing.

Im also interested about the part where you say that it uses cc when you dont specify the linker, this should not be the case if you're using cross