ARROW-12104: [Go][Parquet] Second chunk of Ported Go Parquet code

Following up from #9671 this is the next chunk of ported code consisting of the generated Thrift Code and the utilities for supporting Encryption, Compression and Reader/Writer Property handling.

Thankfully this is much smaller than the previous chunk, and so should be much easier to review and read.

Closes #9817 from zeroshade/arrow-12104

Authored-by: Matthew Topol <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Micah Kornfield <[email protected]>

Author: Matthew Topol

dev/release/rat_exclude_files.txt

@@ -126,6 +126,9 @@ go/arrow/type_string.go
 go/*.tmpldata
 go/*.s
 go/parquet/go.sum
+go/parquet/internal/gen-go/parquet/GoUnusedProtection__.go
+go/parquet/internal/gen-go/parquet/parquet-consts.go
+go/parquet/internal/gen-go/parquet/parquet.go
 js/.npmignore
 js/closure-compiler-scripts/*
 js/src/fb/*.ts