perf: optimize enhanced-ci workflow with improved caching and reduced duplication

- Enable sccache with RUSTC_WRAPPER for faster compilation
- Consolidate 15+ duplicate cache configurations into optimized matrix
- Update to latest action versions (actions/cache@v4, checkout@v4)
- Add conditional execution based on change detection
- Implement hierarchical cache restore keys for better hit rates
- Reduce performance benchmark frequency to scheduled runs only
- Add run_id to cache keys for better cache isolation

Author: d-oit