Specify dynamic Object member invocations (#3902)

This PR modifies the language specification by adding references to section 'Type dynamic' in two locations where this is needed.

The reference is needed because 'Type dynamic' specifies the static type of members of `Object` which is used with receivers of type dynamic.

This reference is needed in section 'Ordinary Invocation' and section 'Getter access and method extraction', where expressions of the form `dynamicExpression.toString()` respectively `dynamicExpression.toString` are specified.

Author: eernstg

specification/dartLangSpec.tex

@@ -41,6 +41,10 @@
 % version of the language which will actually be specified by the next stable
 % release of this document.
 %
+% Jun 2024
+% - Add missing references to section 'Type dynamic' at the points where the
+%   static analysis of Object member invocations is specified.
+%
 % Feb 2024
 % - Correct the rule about deriving a future type from a type (which is used
 %   by `flatten`).
@@ -14213,13 +14217,25 @@ \subsubsection{Ordinary Invocation}
 
 \LMHash{}%
 Let $T$ be the static type of $e$.
-It is a compile-time error if $T$ does not have an accessible
+
+\LMHash{}%
+If $T$ is \DYNAMIC{} bounded
+(\ref{bindingActualsToFormals})
+and $m$ is one of
+\code{hashCode}, \code{noSuchMethod}, \code{runtimeType}, or \code{toString}
+then we say that $i$ is a
+\IndexCustom{dynamic \code{Object} member invocation}{
+  dynamic Object member invocation},
+whose static analysis is specified separately below.
+
+\LMHash{}%
+Otherwise, it is a compile-time error if $T$ does not have an accessible
 (\ref{privacy})
 instance member named $m$, unless either:
+
 \begin{itemize}
 \item
-  $T$ is \DYNAMIC{} bounded
-  (\ref{bindingActualsToFormals});
+  $T$ is \DYNAMIC{} bounded;
   in this case no further static checks are performed on $i$
   (\commentary{apart from separate static checks on subterms like arguments})
   and the static type of $i$ is \DYNAMIC.
@@ -14252,7 +14268,22 @@ \subsubsection{Ordinary Invocation}
 }).
 
 \LMHash{}%
-Otherwise \code{$T$.$m$} denotes an instance member.
+If $i$ is a dynamic \code{Object} member invocation
+(\ref{ordinaryInvocation})
+then the static type of the member is specified in
+Section~\ref{typeDynamic}.
+In this case, if $m$ is \code{hashCode} or \code{runtimeType}
+then let $F$ be the return type of said getter;
+if $m$ is \code{noSuchMethod} or \code{toString}
+then let $F$ be the type of said method.
+
+\commentary{%
+Note that it is always a compile-time error if $m$
+is \code{hashCode} or \code{runtimeType}.%
+}
+
+\LMHash{}%
+Otherwise, \code{$T$.$m$} denotes an instance member.
 Let $L$ be the library that contains $i$.
 Let $d$ be the result of method lookup for $m$ in $T$ with respect to $L$,
 and if the method lookup succeeded then let $F$ be the static type of $d$.
@@ -14840,13 +14871,33 @@ \subsubsection{Getter Access and Method Extraction}
 
 \LMHash{}%
 Let $T$ be the static type of $e$.
-It is a compile-time error if $T$ does not have a method or getter named \id{}
-unless $T$ is \DYNAMIC{} bounded
-(\ref{bindingActualsToFormals}),
-or $T$ is \FUNCTION{} bounded and \id{} is \CALL.
+
+\LMHash{}%
+If $T$ is \DYNAMIC{} bounded
+(\ref{bindingActualsToFormals})
+and $m$ is one of
+\code{hashCode}, \code{noSuchMethod}, \code{runtimeType}, or \code{toString}
+then we say that $i$ is a
+\IndexCustom{dynamic \code{Object} property extraction}{
+  dynamic Object property extraction},
+whose static analysis is specified separately below.
+
+\LMHash{}%
+Otherwise, it is a compile-time error if $T$ does not have
+a method or getter named \id{}
+unless $T$ is \DYNAMIC{} bounded,
+or $T$ is \FUNCTION{} bounded
+(\ref{bindingActualsToFormals})
+and \id{} is \CALL.
 The static type of $i$ is:
 
 \begin{itemize}
+\item The return type as specified in Section~\ref{typeDynamic}
+  if $i$ is a dynamic \code{Object} property extraction
+  and \id{} is \code{hashCode} or \code{runtimeType}.
+\item The static type as specified in Section~\ref{typeDynamic}
+  if $i$ is a dynamic \code{Object} property extraction
+  and \id{} is \code{noSuchMethod} or \code{toString}.
 \item The declared return type of \code{$T$.\id},
   if $T$ has an accessible instance getter named \id.
 \item The function type of the method signature \code{$T$.\id},