[linter] Store historical state in messages file

Follow-up PRs will have linter rules use a generated version of these, removing the current duplication.

Contributes to #56835

Change-Id: Ie7a7225001cc254b2ea1428d2f21c5ba1db5ba52
Reviewed-on: https://dart-review.googlesource.com/c/sdk/+/396920
Commit-Queue: Phil Quitslund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Samuel Rawlins <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Phil Quitslund <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Brian Wilkerson <[email protected]>

Author: parlough