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add interval functions
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‎docs/en/sql-reference/00-sql-reference/10-data-types/interval.md‎

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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.673"/>
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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The INTERVAL data type represents a duration of time, allowing precise manipulation and storage of time intervals across various units.
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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- Handles both positive and negative intervals with precision down to microseconds.
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- An interval can be added to or subtracted from another interval.
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```sql title='Examples:'
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SELECT TO_DAYS(3) + TO_DAYS(1), TO_DAYS(3) - TO_DAYS(1);
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_days(3) + to_days(1) │ to_days(3) - to_days(1) │
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├─────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤
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│ 4 days │ 2 days │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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- Intervals can be added to or subtracted from DATE and TIMESTAMP values.
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```sql title='Examples:'
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SELECT DATE '2024-12-20' + TO_DAYS(2), DATE '2024-12-20' - TO_DAYS(2);
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ CAST('2024-12-20' AS DATE) + to_days(2) │ CAST('2024-12-20' AS DATE) - to_days(2) │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ 2024-12-22 00:00:00 │ 2024-12-18 00:00:00 │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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SELECT TIMESTAMP '2024-12-20 10:00:00' + TO_DAYS(2), TIMESTAMP '2024-12-20 10:00:00' - TO_DAYS(2);
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ CAST('2024-12-20 10:00:00' AS TIMESTAMP) + to_days(2) │ CAST('2024-12-20 10:00:00' AS TIMESTAMP) - to_days(2) │
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├───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ 2024-12-22 10:00:00 │ 2024-12-18 10:00:00 │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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- It is *not* recommended to use the MySQL client to query INTERVAL columns in Databend, as the MySQL protocol does not fully support the INTERVAL type. This may result in errors or unexpected behavior.

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/_category_.json‎

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{
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"label": "Interval Functions"
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}

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/epoch.md‎

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---
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title: EPOCH
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Alias for [TO_SECONDS](to-seconds.md).

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/index.md‎

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---
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title: Interval Functions
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---
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import IndexOverviewList from '@site/src/components/IndexOverviewList';
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This section provides reference information for the interval functions in Databend.
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<IndexOverviewList />

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/to-centries.md‎

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---
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title: TO_CENTURIES
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Converts a specified number of centuries into an Interval type.
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- Accepts positive integers, zero, and negative integers as input.
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## Syntax
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```sql
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TO_CENTURIES(<centuries>)
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```
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## Return Type
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Interval (represented in years).
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## Examples
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```sql
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SELECT TO_CENTURIES(2), TO_CENTURIES(0), TO_CENTURIES(-2);
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_centuries(2) │ to_centuries(0) │ to_centuries(- 2) │
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├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────┤
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│ 200 years │ 00:00:00 │ -200 years │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/to-days.md‎

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---
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title: TO_DAYS
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Converts a specified number of days into an Interval type.
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- Accepts positive integers, zero, and negative integers as input.
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## Syntax
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```sql
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TO_DAYS(<days>)
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```
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## Return Type
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Interval (represented in days).
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## Examples
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```sql
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SELECT TO_DAYS(2), TO_DAYS(0), TO_DAYS(-2);
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┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_days(2) │ to_days(0) │ to_days(- 2) │
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├────────────┼────────────┼──────────────┤
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│ 2 days │ 00:00:00 │ -2 days │
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└────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/to-decades.md‎

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---
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title: TO_DECADES
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Converts a specified number of decades into an Interval type.
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- Accepts positive integers, zero, and negative integers as input.
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## Syntax
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```sql
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TO_DECADES(<decades>)
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```
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## Return Type
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Interval (represented in years).
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## Examples
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```sql
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SELECT TO_DECADES(2), TO_DECADES(0), TO_DECADES((- 2));
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_decades(2) │ to_decades(0) │ to_decades(- 2) │
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├───────────────┼───────────────┼─────────────────┤
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│ 20 years │ 00:00:00 │ -20 years │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/to-hours.md‎

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---
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title: TO_HOURS
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Converts a specified number of hours into an Interval type.
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- Accepts positive integers, zero, and negative integers as input.
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## Syntax
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```sql
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TO_HOURS(<hours>)
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```
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## Return Type
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Interval (in the format `hh:mm:ss`).
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## Examples
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```sql
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SELECT TO_HOURS(2), TO_HOURS(0), TO_HOURS((- 2));
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_hours(2) │ to_hours(0) │ to_hours(- 2) │
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├─────────────┼─────────────┼───────────────┤
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│ 2:00:00 │ 00:00:00 │ -2:00:00 │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/to-microseconds.md‎

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---
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title: TO_MICROSECONDS
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Converts a specified number of microseconds into an Interval type.
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- Accepts positive integers, zero, and negative integers as input.
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## Syntax
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```sql
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TO_MICROSECONDS(<microseconds>)
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```
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## Return Type
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Interval (in the format `hh:mm:ss.sssssss`).
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## Examples
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```sql
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SELECT TO_MICROSECONDS(2), TO_MICROSECONDS(0), TO_MICROSECONDS((- 2));
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┌────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_microseconds(2) │ to_microseconds(0) │ to_microseconds(- 2) │
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├────────────────────┼────────────────────┼──────────────────────┤
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│ 0:00:00.000002 │ 00:00:00 │ -0:00:00.000002 │
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└────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

‎docs/en/sql-reference/20-sql-functions/05-interval-functions/to-millennia.md‎

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---
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title: TO_MILLENNIA
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---
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import FunctionDescription from '@site/src/components/FunctionDescription';
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<FunctionDescription description="Introduced or updated: v1.2.677"/>
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Converts a specified number of millennia into an Interval type.
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- Accepts positive integers, zero, and negative integers as input.
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## Syntax
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```sql
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TO_MILLENNIA(<millennia>)
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```
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## Return Type
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Interval (represented in years).
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## Examples
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```sql
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SELECT TO_MILLENNIA(2), TO_MILLENNIA(0), TO_MILLENNIA((- 2));
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┌───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ to_millennia(2) │ to_millennia(0) │ to_millennia(- 2) │
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├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼───────────────────┤
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│ 2000 years │ 00:00:00 │ -2000 years │
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└───────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```

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