fix(query): prevent stack overflow in CTE processing with recursive annotations (#18588)

fix(query): add recursive annotations to prevent stack overflow in CTE processing

Adds #[recursive::recursive] annotations to key CTE binding functions to prevent
stack overflow when processing complex queries with many UNION operations.

This follows the pattern established in PR #18268 and addresses the
segmentation fault issue introduced in PR #18577.

Fixes:
- bind_query() - Main query binding entry point
- m_cte_to_temp_table() - CTE temporary table creation
- compute_cte_ref_count() - CTE reference counting
- bind_cte_definition() - CTE definition binding
- TableNameReplacer visitor methods - AST traversal for name replacement

The recursive library automatically grows stack size when needed,
preventing stack overflow on deeply nested or complex query structures.

Co-authored-by: Ubuntu <[email protected]>

Author: BohuTANG

src/query/sql/src/planner/binder/bind_query/bind.rs

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ impl CTERefCounter {
 }
 
 impl Binder {
+    #[recursive::recursive]
     pub(crate) fn bind_query(
         &mut self,
         bind_context: &mut BindContext,
@@ -119,6 +120,7 @@ impl Binder {
         Ok(())
     }
 
+    #[recursive::recursive]
     pub fn compute_cte_ref_count(
         &self,
         with: &With,
@@ -209,6 +211,7 @@ impl Binder {
         ))
     }
 
+    #[recursive::recursive]
     pub fn m_cte_to_temp_table(
         &mut self,
         cte: &CTE,
@@ -345,6 +348,7 @@ impl TableNameReplacer {
         }
     }
 
+    #[recursive::recursive]
     fn enter_table_reference(&mut self, table_reference: &mut TableReference) {
         if let TableReference::Table {
             database, table, ..
@@ -356,6 +360,7 @@ impl TableNameReplacer {
         }
     }
 
+    #[recursive::recursive]
     fn enter_expr(&mut self, expr: &mut Expr) {
         if let Expr::ColumnRef { column, .. } = expr {
             if column.database.is_none() || column.database.as_ref().unwrap().name == self.database

src/query/sql/src/planner/binder/bind_table_reference/bind_cte.rs

@@ -165,6 +165,7 @@ impl Binder {
         Ok((s_expr, new_bind_context))
     }
 
+    #[recursive::recursive]
     pub fn bind_cte_definition(
         &mut self,
         cte_name: &str,