MapReduce Introduction Character Mapper Combiner it is optional, to lighten the work load for reducer. Partition Reducer Optimization Resources Book Machine Learning in Action Big data and MapReduce - Ch 15 Hadoop - The Definitive Guide MapReduce - Ch 2 Links Wiki - MapReduce Hadoop Wiki - HadoopMapReduce Topic Combiner Hadoop Combiner – Best Explanation to MapReduce Combiner Example Python Your First Map Reduce—Using Hadoop with Python and OSX Writing An Hadoop MapReduce Program In Python Map-reduce tutorial Library mrjob: the Python MapReduce library