diff --git a/.changes/unreleased/Features-20250819-173500.yaml b/.changes/unreleased/Features-20250819-173500.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..896a0717e36
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changes/unreleased/Features-20250819-173500.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+kind: Features
+body: Add unique suffix support for test failure tables to prevent conflicts in parallel execution
+time: 2025-08-19T17:35:00.00000-00:00
+custom:
+  Author: andtrott
+  Issue: "11938"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/core/dbt/artifacts/resources/v1/config.py b/core/dbt/artifacts/resources/v1/config.py
index 903fbcb53cd..02fe669613a 100644
--- a/core/dbt/artifacts/resources/v1/config.py
+++ b/core/dbt/artifacts/resources/v1/config.py
@@ -175,6 +175,8 @@ class TestConfig(NodeAndTestConfig):
     severity: Annotated[Severity, Pattern(SEVERITY_PATTERN)] = Severity("ERROR")
     store_failures: Optional[bool] = None
     store_failures_as: Optional[str] = None
+    store_failures_unique: Optional[bool] = None
+    store_failures_suffix: Optional[str] = None
     where: Optional[str] = None
     limit: Optional[int] = None
     fail_calc: str = "count(*)"
diff --git a/core/dbt/compilation.py b/core/dbt/compilation.py
index 81ab849c8d1..79b25906dcc 100644
--- a/core/dbt/compilation.py
+++ b/core/dbt/compilation.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import os
 import pickle
 from collections import defaultdict, deque
+from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Any, Dict, Iterable, List, Optional, Set, Tuple
 
 import networkx as nx  # type: ignore
@@ -490,6 +491,34 @@ def add_ephemeral_prefix(self, name: str):
         relation_cls = adapter.Relation
         return relation_cls.add_ephemeral_prefix(name)
 
+    def _get_test_table_suffix(self, node: GenericTestNode) -> Optional[str]:
+        """Generate a unique suffix for test failure tables based on configuration."""
+        if not node.config.store_failures_unique:
+            return None
+            
+        suffix_strategy = node.config.store_failures_suffix or 'invocation_id'
+        
+        if suffix_strategy == 'invocation_id':
+            # Use first 8 chars of invocation_id for reasonable table name length
+            invocation_id = get_invocation_id()
+            return invocation_id[:8] if invocation_id else None
+            
+        elif suffix_strategy == 'timestamp':
+            # Full timestamp: YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS
+            return datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
+            
+        elif suffix_strategy == 'date':
+            # Date only: YYYYMMDD
+            return datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d')
+            
+        elif suffix_strategy == 'hour':
+            # Date and hour: YYYYMMDD_HH - useful for hourly DAGs
+            return datetime.now().strftime('%Y%m%d_%H')
+            
+        else:
+            # Treat as literal string - could be expanded to support templates
+            return suffix_strategy
+
     def _recursively_prepend_ctes(
         self,
         model: ManifestSQLNode,
@@ -623,6 +652,14 @@ def _compile_code(
             and node.relation_name is None
             and node.is_relational
         ):
+            # Apply unique suffix if configured for tests with store_failures
+            # This must be done BEFORE creating the relation_name
+            if isinstance(node, GenericTestNode) and node.config.store_failures:
+                suffix = self._get_test_table_suffix(node)
+                if suffix:
+                    # Modify the alias which is used by materializations
+                    node.alias = f"{node.alias}_{suffix}"
+            
             adapter = get_adapter(self.config)
             relation_cls = adapter.Relation
             relation_name = str(relation_cls.create_from(self.config, node))
diff --git a/tests/unit/test_compilation.py b/tests/unit/test_compilation.py
index 0d5d4b2ea3c..7315bce53da 100644
--- a/tests/unit/test_compilation.py
+++ b/tests/unit/test_compilation.py
@@ -193,3 +193,100 @@ def test__find_cycles__no_cycles(self, linker: Linker) -> None:
             linker.dependency(l, r)
 
         assert linker.find_cycles() is None
+
+
+class TestCompilerSuffixGeneration:
+    """Test the suffix generation for test failure tables."""
+    
+    def test_suffix_generation_disabled(self):
+        """Test that no suffix is generated when store_failures_unique is False."""
+        from dbt.compilation import Compiler
+        from dbt.contracts.graph.nodes import GenericTestNode
+        from dbt.artifacts.resources.v1.config import TestConfig
+        
+        mock_config = mock.MagicMock()
+        compiler = Compiler(mock_config)
+        
+        test_node = GenericTestNode(
+            unique_id="test.myproject.test_name",
+            name="test_name",
+            database="test_db",
+            schema="test_schema",
+            alias="test_name",
+            resource_type="test",
+            package_name="myproject",
+            path="test.sql",
+            original_file_path="test.sql",
+            config=TestConfig(
+                store_failures=True,
+                store_failures_unique=False
+            ),
+            fqn=["myproject", "test_name"],
+            checksum={"name": "sha256", "checksum": "abc123"}
+        )
+        
+        suffix = compiler._get_test_table_suffix(test_node)
+        assert suffix is None
+    
+    def test_suffix_generation_invocation_id(self):
+        """Test invocation_id suffix strategy."""
+        from dbt.compilation import Compiler
+        from dbt.contracts.graph.nodes import GenericTestNode
+        from dbt.artifacts.resources.v1.config import TestConfig
+        
+        mock_config = mock.MagicMock()
+        compiler = Compiler(mock_config)
+        
+        test_node = GenericTestNode(
+            unique_id="test.myproject.test_name",
+            name="test_name",
+            database="test_db",
+            schema="test_schema",
+            alias="test_name",
+            resource_type="test",
+            package_name="myproject",
+            path="test.sql",
+            original_file_path="test.sql",
+            config=TestConfig(
+                store_failures=True,
+                store_failures_unique=True,
+                store_failures_suffix='invocation_id'
+            ),
+            fqn=["myproject", "test_name"],
+            checksum={"name": "sha256", "checksum": "abc123"}
+        )
+        
+        with mock.patch('dbt.compilation.get_invocation_id', return_value='abcd1234-5678-90ef'):
+            suffix = compiler._get_test_table_suffix(test_node)
+            assert suffix == 'abcd1234'
+    
+    def test_suffix_generation_custom(self):
+        """Test custom suffix strategy."""
+        from dbt.compilation import Compiler
+        from dbt.contracts.graph.nodes import GenericTestNode
+        from dbt.artifacts.resources.v1.config import TestConfig
+        
+        mock_config = mock.MagicMock()
+        compiler = Compiler(mock_config)
+        
+        test_node = GenericTestNode(
+            unique_id="test.myproject.test_name",
+            name="test_name",
+            database="test_db",
+            schema="test_schema",
+            alias="test_name",
+            resource_type="test",
+            package_name="myproject",
+            path="test.sql",
+            original_file_path="test.sql",
+            config=TestConfig(
+                store_failures=True,
+                store_failures_unique=True,
+                store_failures_suffix='my_custom_suffix'
+            ),
+            fqn=["myproject", "test_name"],
+            checksum={"name": "sha256", "checksum": "abc123"}
+        )
+        
+        suffix = compiler._get_test_table_suffix(test_node)
+        assert suffix == 'my_custom_suffix'