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by which only the first and last frames are dumped to `dpmd_raw`.
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# replicate
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##replicate
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dpdata will create a super cell of the current atom configuration.
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```python
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dpdata.System('./POSCAR').replicate((1,2,3,) )
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```
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tuple(1,2,3) means don't copy atom configuration in x direction, make 2 copys in y direction, make 3 copys in z direction.
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# perturb
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dpdata will disturb the box size and shape and change atom coordinates randomly.
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##perturb
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By the following example, each frame of the original system (`dpdata.System('./POSCAR')`) is perturbed to generate three new frames. For each frame, the cell is perturbed by 5% and the atom positions are perturbed by 0.6 Angstrom. `atom_pert_style` indicates that the perturbation to the atom positions is subject to normal distribution. Other available options to `atom_pert_style` are`uniform` (uniform in a ball), and `const` (uniform on a sphere).
Each frame in the input system will generate `pert_num` frames.
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That means the command will return a system containing `frames of input system * pert_num` frames.
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### `box_pert_fraction`
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A relative length that determines the length the box size change in each frame. It is just a fraction and doesn't have unit. Typlicaly, for cubic box with side length `side_length` , `side_length` will increase or decrease a random value from the intervel `[-side_length*box_pert_fraction, side_length*box_pert_fraction]`.
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It will also change the shape of the box. That means an orthogonal box will become a non-orthogonal box after perturbing. The angle of inclination of the box is a random variable.
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`box_pert_fraction` is also relating to the probability distribution function of the angle.
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### `atom_pert_distance`
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unit:Angstrom. Determine the distance atoms move in each frame.
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The mean value of the distance that atom moves is about `atom_pert_distance`.
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### `atom_pert_style`
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The probability distribution function used to change atom coordinates.
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available options:`'uniform', 'normal', 'const'`.
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The direction atoms move and box deformation is random.
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