chore: add lint-staged with pre-commit hooks for src/ directory

- Upgrade husky from 8.0.3 to 9.1.7
- Add lint-staged 16.2.3 for automated code quality checks
- Configure lint-staged to run eslint and prettier on src/**/*.{ts,tsx}
- Update pre-commit hook to use lint-staged
- Add post-checkout hook for automatic dependency installation
- Add pre-push hook to prevent direct pushes to main branch

This matches the setup in jupyterlab-deepnote for consistency.

Author: devin-ai-integration[bot]

.husky/post-checkout

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+npm install

.husky/pre-commit

@@ -1,17 +1 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-if npm list prettier | grep -q prettier@ ; then
-    echo husky - prettier is installed
-else
-    echo husky - prettier is not installed, skipping format check
-    exit 0
-fi
-
-# run prettier on all .ts files that are in the commit
-changed=$(git diff --diff-filter=ACM --cached --name-only | grep .ts$ | tr '\n' ' ')
-
-if [ -z "$changed" ]; then
-    echo husky - No modified files to check
-    exit 0
-fi
-
-npx prettier $changed --check
+npm exec lint-staged

.husky/pre-push

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+branch_name="$(git symbolic-ref --short HEAD)"
+if [ "$branch_name" = "main" ]; then
+  echo "Pushing directly to main is not allowed."
+  exit 1
+fi

package.json

@@ -2075,6 +2075,7 @@
         "package": "gulp clean && npm run build && vsce package -o ms-toolsai-jupyter-insiders.vsix",
         "postdownload-api": "npx vscode-dts main",
         "postinstall": "npm run download-api && node ./build/ci/postInstall.js",
+        "prepare": "husky",
         "pretest:integration:nonpython": "cross-env VSC_JUPYTER_CI_TEST_VSC_CHANNEL=insiders node ./out/test/datascience/dsTestSetup.js",
         "pretest:integration": "node ./out/test/datascience/dsTestSetup.js",
         "pretest:performance:execution": "cross-env VSC_JUPYTER_CI_TEST_GREP=@executionPerformance node ./out/test/datascience/dsTestSetup.js",
@@ -2258,12 +2259,13 @@
         "gulp": "^5.0.0",
         "gulp-filter": "^7.0.0",
         "gulp-rename": "^2.0.0",
-        "husky": "^8.0.3",
+        "husky": "9.1.7",
         "json2csv": "^5.0.7",
         "jsonschema": "^1.4.1",
         "keyv": "^4.1.0",
         "less": "^4.1.3",
         "less-plugin-inline-urls": "^1.2.0",
+        "lint-staged": "16.2.3",
         "lolex": "^6.0.0",
         "lru-cache": "^10.0.0",
         "mocha": "^11.0.1",
@@ -2290,6 +2292,12 @@
         "utf-8-validate": "^5.0.8",
         "util": "^0.12.4"
     },
+    "lint-staged": {
+        "src/**/*.{ts,tsx}": [
+            "eslint --cache --fix",
+            "prettier --write"
+        ]
+    },
     "optionalDependencies": {
         "fsevents": "^2.3.2"
     },