Implement CT0003 rule for object initialization

Co-authored-by: magesoe <8904582+magesoe@users.noreply.github.com>

Author: Copilot

README.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Dataverse Analyzer
 
-A Roslyn analyzer for .NET Core projects that enforces specific control flow braces rules.
+A Roslyn analyzer for .NET Core projects that enforces specific coding standards and best practices.
 
 ## Rule CT0001: Control Flow Braces Rule
 
@@ -38,9 +38,54 @@ if (condition)
     DoSomething();
 ```
 
+## Rule CT0002: Enum Assignment Rule
+
+This analyzer prevents assigning literal values to enum properties, requiring the use of proper enum values instead.
+
+### Examples
+
+✅ **Allowed**:
+```csharp
+AccountCategoryCode = AccountCategoryCode.Standard;
+```
+
+❌ **Not allowed**:
+```csharp
+// This will trigger CT0002
+AccountCategoryCode = 1;
+```
+
+## Rule CT0003: Object Initialization Rule
+
+This analyzer prevents the use of empty parentheses in object initialization when using object initializers.
+
+### Examples
+
+✅ **Allowed**:
+```csharp
+var account = new Account
+{
+    Name = "MoneyMan",
+};
+
+var account = new Account(accountId)
+{
+    Name = "MoneyMan",
+};
+```
+
+❌ **Not allowed**:
+```csharp
+// This will trigger CT0003
+var account = new Account()
+{
+    Name = "MoneyMan",
+};
+```
+
 ## Usage
 
-The analyzer is designed to be consumed as a project reference or NuGet package in other .NET projects. When integrated, it will automatically analyze your code and report violations of rule CT0001.
+The analyzer is designed to be consumed as a project reference or NuGet package in other .NET projects. When integrated, it will automatically analyze your code and report violations of the rules.
 
 ### Building
 

src/DataverseAnalyzer/ObjectInitializationAnalyzer.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+using System.Collections.Immutable;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp.Syntax;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Diagnostics;
+
+namespace DataverseAnalyzer;
+
+[DiagnosticAnalyzer(LanguageNames.CSharp)]
+public sealed class ObjectInitializationAnalyzer : DiagnosticAnalyzer
+{
+    public static readonly DiagnosticDescriptor Rule = new(
+        "CT0003",
+        Resources.CT0003_Title,
+        Resources.CT0003_MessageFormat,
+        "Style",
+        DiagnosticSeverity.Warning,
+        isEnabledByDefault: true,
+        description: Resources.CT0003_Description);
+
+    public override ImmutableArray<DiagnosticDescriptor> SupportedDiagnostics => ImmutableArray.Create(Rule);
+
+    public override void Initialize(AnalysisContext context)
+    {
+        ArgumentNullException.ThrowIfNull(context);
+        context.ConfigureGeneratedCodeAnalysis(GeneratedCodeAnalysisFlags.None);
+        context.EnableConcurrentExecution();
+        context.RegisterSyntaxNodeAction(AnalyzeObjectCreation, SyntaxKind.ObjectCreationExpression);
+    }
+
+    private static void AnalyzeObjectCreation(SyntaxNodeAnalysisContext context)
+    {
+        var objectCreation = (ObjectCreationExpressionSyntax)context.Node;
+
+        // Check if it has an object initializer
+        if (objectCreation.Initializer is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Check if it has an argument list (parentheses)
+        if (objectCreation.ArgumentList is null)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Check if the argument list is empty (no arguments between parentheses)
+        if (objectCreation.ArgumentList.Arguments.Count > 0)
+        {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        // Get the type name for the diagnostic message
+        var typeName = objectCreation.Type?.ToString() ?? "object";
+
+        var diagnostic = Diagnostic.Create(Rule, objectCreation.ArgumentList.GetLocation(), typeName);
+        context.ReportDiagnostic(diagnostic);
+    }
+}

src/DataverseAnalyzer/Resources.Designer.cs

@@ -79,4 +79,13 @@
   <data name="CT0002_Description" xml:space="preserve">
     <value>Enum properties should be assigned enum values rather than literal numeric values to improve code readability and maintainability.</value>
   </data>
+  <data name="CT0003_Title" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Remove empty parentheses from object initialization</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CT0003_MessageFormat" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Object initialization should not use empty parentheses. Remove '()' from 'new {0}()' when using object initializer</value>
+  </data>
+  <data name="CT0003_Description" xml:space="preserve">
+    <value>Object initialization with empty parentheses followed by an initializer is unnecessary and should be avoided for cleaner code.</value>
+  </data>
 </root>

src/DataverseAnalyzer/Resources.resx

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.CSharp;
+using Microsoft.CodeAnalysis.Diagnostics;
+using System.Collections.Immutable;
+
+namespace DataverseAnalyzer.Tests;
+
+public sealed class ObjectInitializationAnalyzerTests
+{
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ObjectCreationWithEmptyParenthesesAndInitializerShouldTrigger()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            class Account
+            {
+                public string Name { get; set; }
+            }
+
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var account = new Account()
+                    {
+                        Name = "MoneyMan",
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Single(diagnostics);
+        Assert.Equal("CT0003", diagnostics[0].Id);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ObjectCreationWithoutParenthesesAndInitializerShouldNotTrigger()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            class Account
+            {
+                public string Name { get; set; }
+            }
+
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var account = new Account
+                    {
+                        Name = "MoneyMan",
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Empty(diagnostics);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ObjectCreationWithParametersAndInitializerShouldNotTrigger()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            class Account
+            {
+                public string Name { get; set; }
+                public Account(string id) { }
+            }
+
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var accountId = "123";
+                    var account = new Account(accountId)
+                    {
+                        Name = "MoneyMan",
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Empty(diagnostics);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ObjectCreationWithEmptyParenthesesWithoutInitializerShouldNotTrigger()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            class Account
+            {
+                public string Name { get; set; }
+            }
+
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var account = new Account();
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Empty(diagnostics);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task BuiltInTypeWithEmptyParenthesesAndInitializerShouldTrigger()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            using System.Collections.Generic;
+
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var list = new List<string>()
+                    {
+                        "item1",
+                        "item2"
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Single(diagnostics);
+        Assert.Equal("CT0003", diagnostics[0].Id);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task AnonymousTypeCreationShouldNotTrigger()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var obj = new
+                    {
+                        Name = "Test",
+                        Value = 42
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Empty(diagnostics);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task MultipleViolationsInSameMethodShouldTriggerMultiple()
+    {
+        var source = """
+            class Account
+            {
+                public string Name { get; set; }
+            }
+
+            class Person
+            {
+                public string FirstName { get; set; }
+            }
+
+            class TestClass
+            {
+                public void TestMethod()
+                {
+                    var account = new Account()
+                    {
+                        Name = "MoneyMan",
+                    };
+
+                    var person = new Person()
+                    {
+                        FirstName = "John",
+                    };
+                }
+            }
+            """;
+
+        var diagnostics = await GetDiagnosticsAsync(source);
+        Assert.Equal(2, diagnostics.Length);
+        Assert.All(diagnostics, d => Assert.Equal("CT0003", d.Id));
+    }
+
+    private static async Task<Diagnostic[]> GetDiagnosticsAsync(string source)
+    {
+        var syntaxTree = CSharpSyntaxTree.ParseText(source);
+        var compilation = CSharpCompilation.Create(
+            "TestAssembly",
+            new[] { syntaxTree },
+            new[] { MetadataReference.CreateFromFile(typeof(object).Assembly.Location) });
+
+        var analyzer = new ObjectInitializationAnalyzer();
+        var compilationWithAnalyzers = compilation.WithAnalyzers(ImmutableArray.Create<DiagnosticAnalyzer>(analyzer));
+
+        var diagnostics = await compilationWithAnalyzers.GetAnalyzerDiagnosticsAsync();
+        return diagnostics.Where(d => d.Id == "CT0003").ToArray();
+    }
+}