[SPARK-52136] Upgrade checkstyle to 10.23.1

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

This PR aims to upgrade `checkstyle` to 10.23.1.

### Why are the changes needed?

To use the latest bug fixed one.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No. This is a test dependency.

### How was this patch tested?

Pass the CIs.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes apache#199 from dongjoon-hyun/SPARK-52136.

Authored-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Dongjoon Hyun <[email protected]>

Author: dongjoon-hyun

gradle/libs.versions.toml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jacoco = "0.8.13"
 mockito = "5.17.0"
 
 # Build Analysis
-checkstyle = "10.17.0"
+checkstyle = "10.23.1"
 pmd = "6.55.0"
 spotbugs-tool = "4.8.6"
 spotbugs-plugin = "6.0.17"