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More updates for .NET 9 GA (#43410)
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‎api/index.md

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@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@ description: Explore Microsoft's comprehensive .NET API browser. Your ultimate r
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layout: ApiBrowserPage
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hide_bc: true
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title: .NET API browser
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quickFilterColumn1: net-8.0,netframework-4.8,netstandard-2.1
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quickFilterColumn2: aspnetcore-8.0,efcore-8.0,net-maui-8.0
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quickFilterColumn1: net-9.0,netframework-4.8,netstandard-2.1
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quickFilterColumn2: aspnetcore-9.0,efcore-8.0,net-maui-8.0
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quickFilterColumn3: azure-dotnet,ml-dotnet,spark-dotnet
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ms.topic: landing-page
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ms.custom: "updateeachrelease"
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ms.date: 11/14/2023
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ms.date: 11/10/2024
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---
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# .NET API browser
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‎docs/csharp/index.yml

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imageSrc: /visualstudio/media/vs-ide-2022.svg
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url: /visualstudio/windows
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# Card
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- title: Visual Studio Code
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- title: Visual Studio Code
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imageSrc: /visualstudio/media/vs-code-logo.svg
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url: https://code.visualstudio.com/docs/csharp/get-started
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# Card
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- title: ".NET API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for .NET
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=net-8.0
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=net-9.0
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# Card
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- title: ".NET Framework API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for .NET Framework
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summary: API reference documentation for ML.NET
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=ml-dotnet&preserve-view=true
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# Card
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- title: ".NET Platform Extensions API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for .NET Platform Extensions
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=dotnet-plat-ext-8.0&preserve-view=true
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- title: ".NET Package-provided API reference"
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summary: Reference documentation for package-provided .NET APIs
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=dotnet-9.0-pp&preserve-view=true
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# footer (Optional; Remove if not applicable.)
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footer: "Are you interested in contributing to the .NET docs? For more information, see our [contributor guide](/contribute/dotnet/dotnet-contribute)."

‎docs/csharp/language-reference/index.yml

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linkLists:
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- linkListType: whats-new
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links:
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- text: "What's new in C# 13"
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url: ../whats-new/csharp-13.md
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- text: "What's new in C# 12"
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url: ../whats-new/csharp-12.md
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- text: "What's new in C# 11"
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url: ../whats-new/breaking-changes.md
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- text: Version compatibility
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url: ../whats-new/version-update-considerations.md
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- title: "Stay in touch"
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linkLists:

‎docs/fsharp/index.yml

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- text: "F# library reference"
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url: https://fsharp.github.io/fsharp-core-docs
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- text: ".NET library reference"
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=net-8.0
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url: ../../api/index.md?view=net-9.0
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- title: "F# fundamentals"
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linkLists:
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linkLists:
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- linkListType: whats-new
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links:
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- text: "What's new in F# 9"
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url: whats-new/fsharp-9.md
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- text: "What's new in F# 8"
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url: whats-new/fsharp-8.md
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- text: "What's new in F# 7"

‎docs/index.yml

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- url: core/tutorials/index.md
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itemType: tutorial
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text: .NET tutorials
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- url: core/whats-new/dotnet-8/overview.md
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- url: core/whats-new/dotnet-9/overview.md
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itemType: whats-new
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text: What's new in .NET 8
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text: What's new in .NET 9
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- url: https://dotnetfoundation.org
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itemType: overview
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text: .NET Foundation
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# Card
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- title: ".NET API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for .NET
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url: ../api/index.md?view=net-8.0
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url: ../api/index.md?view=net-9.0
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# Card
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- title: ".NET Framework API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for .NET Framework
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url: ../api/index.md?view=netframework-4.8&preserve-view=true
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# Card
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- title: "ASP.NET Core API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for ASP.NET Core
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url: ../api/index.md?view=view=aspnetcore-8.0&preserve-view=true
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url: ../api/index.md?view=view=aspnetcore-9.0&preserve-view=true
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# Card
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- title: "ML.NET API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for ML.NET
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url: ../api/index.md?view=ml-dotnet&preserve-view=true
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# Card
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- title: ".NET Platform Extensions API reference"
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summary: API reference documentation for .NET Platform Extensions
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url: ../api/index.md?view=dotnet-plat-ext-8.0&preserve-view=true
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- title: ".NET Package-provided API reference"
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summary: Reference documentation for package-provided .NET APIs
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url: ../api/index.md?view=dotnet-9.0-pp&preserve-view=true
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# Card
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- title: "C# language reference"
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summary: C# language reference and specification
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url: visual-basic/language-reference/index.md
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# footer (optional)
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footer: "Are you interested in contributing to the .NET docs? For more information, see our [contributor guide](/contribute/dotnet/dotnet-contribute)."
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footer: "Are you interested in contributing to the .NET docs? For more information, see our [contributor guide](/contribute/dotnet/dotnet-contribute)."

‎docs/standard/frameworks.md

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title: Target frameworks in SDK-style projects - .NET
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description: Learn about target frameworks for .NET apps and libraries.
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ms.date: 12/12/2023
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ms.date: 11/11/2024
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| Target framework | Latest <br/> stable version | Target framework moniker (TFM) | Implemented <br/> .NET Standard version |
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|:----------------:|:---------------------------:|:------------------------------:|:---------------------------------------:|
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| .NET 9 | 9 | net9.0 | 2.1 |
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| .NET 8 | 8 | net8.0 | 2.1 |
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| .NET 7 | 7 | net7.0 | 2.1 |
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| .NET 6 | 6 | net6.0 | 2.1 |
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| .NET 5 | 5 | net5.0 | 2.1 |
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| .NET Standard | 2.1 | netstandard2.1 | N/A |
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| .NET Core | 3.1 | netcoreapp3.1 | 2.1 |
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| .NET Framework | 4.8.1 | net481 | 2.0 |
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### .NET 5+ OS-specific TFMs
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The `net5.0`, `net6.0`, `net7.0`, and `net8.0` TFMs include technologies that work across different platforms. Specifying an *OS-specific TFM* makes APIs that are specific to an operating system available to your app, for example, Windows Forms or iOS bindings. OS-specific TFMs also inherit every API available to their base TFM, for example, the `net6.0` TFM.
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The `net5.0`, `net6.0`, `net7.0`, `net8.0`, and `net.0` TFMs include technologies that work across different platforms. Specifying an *OS-specific TFM* makes APIs that are specific to an operating system available to your app, for example, Windows Forms or iOS bindings. OS-specific TFMs also inherit every API available to their base TFM, for example, the `net9.0` TFM.
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.NET 5 introduced the `net5.0-windows` OS-specific TFM, which includes Windows-specific bindings for WinForms, WPF, and UWP APIs. .NET 6 and later versions have additional OS-specific TFMs, for example, `net6.0-ios`.
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The following table shows the compatibility of the .NET 5+ TFMs.
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| TFM | Compatible with |
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|--------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| TFM | Compatible with |
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|----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| `net5.0` | net1..4 (with NU1701 warning)<br />netcoreapp1..3.1 (warning when WinForms or WPF is referenced)<br />netstandard1..2.1 |
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| `net5.0-windows` | netcoreapp1..3.1 (plus everything else inherited from `net5.0`) |
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| `net6.0` | (Subsequent version of `net5.0`) |
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| `net6.0-android` | `xamarin.android` (plus everything else inherited from `net6.0`) |
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| `net6.0-ios` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-maccatalyst` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-macos` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-tvos` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net5.0-windows`) |
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| `net7.0` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0`) |
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| `net7.0-android` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-android`) |
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| `net7.0-ios` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-ios`) |
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| `net7.0-maccatalyst` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-maccatalyst`) |
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| `net7.0-macos` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-macos`) |
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| `net7.0-tizen` | `tizen40` (plus everything else inherited from `net7.0`) |
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| `net7.0-tvos` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-tvos`) |
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| `net7.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-windows`) |
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| `net8.0` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0`) |
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| `net8.0-android` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-android`) |
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| `net8.0-browser` | Everything inherited from `net8.0` |
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| `net8.0-ios` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-ios`) |
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| `net8.0-maccatalyst` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-maccatalyst`) |
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| `net8.0-macos` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-macos`) |
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| `net8.0-tizen` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-tizen`) |
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| `net8.0-tvos` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-tvos`) |
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| `net8.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-windows`) |
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| `net5.0-windows` | netcoreapp1..3.1 (plus everything else inherited from `net5.0`) |
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| `net6.0` | (Subsequent version of `net5.0`) |
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| `net6.0-android` | `xamarin.android` (plus everything else inherited from `net6.0`) |
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| `net6.0-ios` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-maccatalyst` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-macos` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-tvos` | Everything inherited from `net6.0` |
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| `net6.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net5.0-windows`) |
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| `net7.0` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0`) |
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| `net7.0-android` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-android`) |
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| `net7.0-ios` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-ios`) |
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| `net7.0-maccatalyst` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-maccatalyst`) |
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| `net7.0-macos` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-macos`) |
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| `net7.0-tizen` | `tizen40` (plus everything else inherited from `net7.0`) |
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| `net7.0-tvos` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-tvos`) |
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| `net7.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net6.0-windows`) |
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| `net8.0` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0`) |
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| `net8.0-android` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-android`) |
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| `net8.0-browser` | Everything inherited from `net8.0` |
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| `net8.0-ios` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-ios`) |
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| `net8.0-maccatalyst` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-maccatalyst`) |
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| `net8.0-macos` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-macos`) |
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| `net8.0-tizen` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-tizen`) |
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| `net8.0-tvos` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-tvos`) |
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| `net8.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net7.0-windows`) |
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| `net9.0` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0`) |
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| `net9.0-android` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-android`) |
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| `net9.0-browser` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-browser`) |
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| `net9.0-ios` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-ios`) |
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| `net9.0-maccatalyst` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-maccatalyst`) |
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| `net9.0-macos` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-macos`) |
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| `net9.0-tizen` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-tizen`) |
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| `net9.0-tvos` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-tvos`) |
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| `net9.0-windows` | (Subsequent version of `net8.0-windows`) |
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To make your app portable across different platforms but still have access to OS-specific APIs, you can target multiple OS-specific TFMs and add platform guards around OS-specific API calls using `#if` preprocessor directives. For a list of the available symbols, see [Preprocessor symbols](#preprocessor-symbols).
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#### Suggested targets
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Use these guidelines to determine which TFM to use in your app:
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- Apps that are portable to multiple platforms should target a base TFM, for example, `net8.0`. This includes most libraries but also ASP.NET Core and Entity Framework.
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- Platform-specific libraries should target platform-specific flavors. For example, WinForms and WPF projects should target `net8.0-windows`.
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- Cross-platform application models (Xamarin Forms, ASP.NET Core) and bridge packs (Xamarin Essentials) should at least target the base TFM, for example, `net8.0`, but might also target additional platform-specific flavors to light-up more APIs or features.
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- Apps that are portable to multiple platforms should target a base TFM, for example, `net9.0`. This includes most libraries but also ASP.NET Core and Entity Framework.
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- Platform-specific libraries should target platform-specific flavors. For example, WinForms and WPF projects should target `net9.0-windows`.
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- Cross-platform application models (Xamarin Forms, ASP.NET Core) and bridge packs (Xamarin Essentials) should at least target the base TFM, for example, `net9.0`, but might also target additional platform-specific flavors to light-up more APIs or features.
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|--------------|--------:|-----:|-------------:|------:|-----:|------:|--------:|
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| .NET 6 | 31.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 12.0 | 15.1 | - | 7.0 |
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| .NET 7 | 33.0 | 16.1 | 16.1 | 13.0 | 16.1 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
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| .NET 8 | 34.0 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 14.2 | 17.1 | 8.0 | 7.0 |
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| .NET 8 | 34.0 | 17.2 | 17.2 | 14.2 | 17.1 | 7.0 | 10.0 |
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| .NET 9 | 35.0 | 18.0 | 18.0 | 15.0 | | 7.0 | 10.0 |
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> [!NOTE]
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> On Apple platforms (iOS, macOS, tvOS, and Mac Catalyst) in .NET 8 and earlier,
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## How to specify a target framework
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Target frameworks are specified in a project file. When a single target framework is specified, use the [TargetFramework element](../core/project-sdk/msbuild-props.md#targetframework). The following console app project file demonstrates how to target .NET 8:
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Target frameworks are specified in a project file. When a single target framework is specified, use the [TargetFramework element](../core/project-sdk/msbuild-props.md#targetframework). The following console app project file demonstrates how to target .NET 9:
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```xml
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<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
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</Project>

‎docs/standard/library-guidance/cross-platform-targeting.md

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title: Cross-platform targeting for .NET libraries
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> .NET 6 and later apps can use a `netstandard2.0` target, so `net6.0` isn't required. You should explicitly target `net6.0`, `net7.0`, or `net8.0` when you want to use newer .NET APIs.
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> .NET 6 and later apps can use a `netstandard2.0` target, so `net6.0` isn't required. You should explicitly target `net6.0`, `net7.0`, `net8.0`, or `net9.0` when you want to use newer .NET APIs.
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