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Update tutorials and program guide for modern extensions (#50132)
* Update sample for LINQ tutorial Update the sample code and snippet tags for the LINQ tutorial missed one edit. fix build * First pass edit * Second proofread * Finish edits in classes and structs * Finish programming guide. * Apply suggestions from code review Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]> * respond to reviews. --------- Co-authored-by: Copilot <[email protected]>
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‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/how-to-create-a-new-method-for-an-enumeration.md‎

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---
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title: "How to create a new method for an enumeration"
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description: Learn how to use extension methods to add functionality to an enum in C#. This example shows an extension method called Passing for an enum called Grades.
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ms.date: 04/17/2025
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ms.date: 11/25/2025
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helpviewer_keywords:
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- "enumerations [C#]"
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- "extension methods [C#], for enums"

‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/how-to-use-implicitly-typed-local-variables-and-arrays-in-a-query-expression.md‎

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---
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title: "How to use implicitly typed local variables and arrays in a query expression"
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description: Use implicitly typed local variables in C# to have the compiler determine the type of a local variable. You must use them to store anonymous types.
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ms.date: 07/20/2015
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ms.date: 11/25/2025
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helpviewer_keywords:
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- "implicitly-typed local variables [C#], how to use"
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ms.topic: how-to
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ms.assetid: 6b7354d2-af79-427a-b6a8-f74eb8fd0b91
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---
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# How to use implicitly typed local variables and arrays in a query expression (C# Programming Guide)
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## See also
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- [Extension Methods](./extension-methods.md)
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- [Extension members](./extension-methods.md)
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- [LINQ (Language-Integrated Query)](../../linq/index.md)
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- [LINQ in C#](../../linq/index.md)

‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/snippets/how-to-implement-and-call-a-custom-extension-method/Program.cs‎

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using CustomExtensions;
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using CustomExtensions;
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string s = "The quick brown fox jumped over the lazy dog.";
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// Call the method as if it were an
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// Extension methods must be defined in a static class.
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public static class StringExtension
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{
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// This is the extension method.
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// The first parameter takes the "this" modifier
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// and specifies the type for which the method is defined.
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public static int WordCount(this string str)
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extension(string str)
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{
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return str.Split(new char[] {' ', '.','?'}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Length;
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// This is the extension member.
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// The `str` parameter is declared on the extension declaration.
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public int WordCount()
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{
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return str.Split(new char[] { ' ', '.', '?' }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries).Length;
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}
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}
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}
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}

‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/classes-and-structs/snippets/how-to-implement-and-call-a-custom-extension-method/how-to-implement-and-call-a-custom-extension-method.csproj‎

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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
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<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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</PropertyGroup>

‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/generics/constraints-on-type-parameters.md‎

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---
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title: "Constraints on type parameters"
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description: Learn about constraints on type parameters. Constraints tell the compiler what capabilities a type argument must have.
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ms.date: 10/10/2025
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ms.date: 11/25/2025
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f1_keywords:
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- "defaultconstraint_CSharpKeyword"
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- "notnull_CSharpKeyword"

‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/generics/snippets/GenericWhereConstraints.cs‎

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// </Snippet15>
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// <Snippet16>
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public static TDelegate? TypeSafeCombine<TDelegate>(this TDelegate source, TDelegate target)
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where TDelegate : System.Delegate
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=> Delegate.Combine(source, target) as TDelegate;
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extension<TDelegate>(TDelegate source) where TDelegate : System.Delegate
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{
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public TDelegate? TypeSafeCombine(TDelegate target)
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=> Delegate.Combine(source, target) as TDelegate;
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}
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// </Snippet16>
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// <Snippet18>
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public static Dictionary<int, string> EnumNamedValues<T>() where T : System.Enum
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extension<T>(T) where T : System.Enum
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{
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var result = new Dictionary<int, string>();
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var values = Enum.GetValues(typeof(T));
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public static Dictionary<int, string> EnumNamedValues()
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{
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var result = new Dictionary<int, string>();
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var values = Enum.GetValues(typeof(T));
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foreach (int item in values)
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result.Add(item, Enum.GetName(typeof(T), item)!);
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return result;
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foreach (int item in values)
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result.Add(item, Enum.GetName(typeof(T), item)!);
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return result;
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}
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}
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// </Snippet18>
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}

‎docs/csharp/programming-guide/generics/snippets/generics.csproj‎

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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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<AllowUnsafeBlocks>true</AllowUnsafeBlocks>

‎docs/csharp/toc.yml‎

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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/implicitly-typed-local-variables.md
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- name: "How to use implicitly typed local variables and arrays in a query expression"
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/how-to-use-implicitly-typed-local-variables-and-arrays-in-a-query-expression.md
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- name: Extension Methods
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/extension-methods.md
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- name: "How to implement and call a custom extension method"
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/how-to-implement-and-call-a-custom-extension-method.md
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- name: "How to create a new method for an enumeration"
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/static-constructors.md
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- name: "How to write a copy constructor"
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/how-to-write-a-copy-constructor.md
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- name: Extension members
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/extension-methods.md
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- name: Finalizers
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href: programming-guide/classes-and-structs/finalizers.md
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- name: Object and Collection Initializers

‎docs/csharp/tutorials/snippets/console-linq/InterimSteps.cs‎

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namespace UnusedCode;
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using LinqFaroShuffle;
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internal class InterimSteps
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{
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// <StepOne>
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static IEnumerable<string> Suits()
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{
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yield return "clubs";
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yield return "diamonds";
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yield return "hearts";
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yield return "spades";
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}
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static IEnumerable<string> Ranks()
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{
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yield return "two";
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yield return "three";
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yield return "four";
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yield return "five";
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yield return "six";
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yield return "seven";
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yield return "eight";
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yield return "nine";
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yield return "ten";
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yield return "jack";
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yield return "queen";
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yield return "king";
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yield return "ace";
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}
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// </StepOne>
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private static void InitialMain()
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{
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// <StepTwo>
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var startingDeck = from s in Suits()
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from r in Ranks()
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select (Suit: s, Rank: r);
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// Display each card that's generated and placed in startingDeck
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foreach (var card in startingDeck)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(card);
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}
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// </StepTwo>
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// <StepThree>
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var top = startingDeck.Take(26);
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var bottom = startingDeck.Skip(26);
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// </StepThree>
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}
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private void StartShuffling()
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{
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var startingDeck = from s in Suits()
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from r in Ranks()
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select (Suit: s, Rank: r);
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// Display each card that's generated and placed in startingDeck
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foreach (var card in startingDeck)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(card);
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}
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var top = startingDeck.Take(26);
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var bottom = startingDeck.Skip(26);
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// <StepFive>
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var shuffledDeck = top.InterleaveSequenceWith(bottom);
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foreach (var c in shuffledDeck)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(c);
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}
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// </StepFive>
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}
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private void CompareSequences()
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{
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// <StepSix>
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var startingDeck = from s in Suits()
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from r in Ranks()
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select (Suit: s, Rank: r);
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// Display each card generated and placed in startingDeck in the console
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foreach (var card in startingDeck)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(card);
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}
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var top = startingDeck.Take(26);
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var bottom = startingDeck.Skip(26);
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var shuffledDeck = top.InterleaveSequenceWith(bottom);
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var times = 0;
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// Re-use the shuffle variable from earlier, or you can make a new one
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shuffledDeck = startingDeck;
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do
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{
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shuffledDeck = shuffledDeck.Take(26).InterleaveSequenceWith(shuffledDeck.Skip(26));
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foreach (var card in shuffledDeck)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(card);
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}
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Console.WriteLine();
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times++;
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} while (!startingDeck.SequenceEquals(shuffledDeck));
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Console.WriteLine(times);
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// </StepSix>
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}
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private void AddLogging()
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{
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// <StepSeven>
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var startingDeck = (from s in Suits().LogQuery("Suit Generation")
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from r in Ranks().LogQuery("Rank Generation")
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select (Suit: s, Rank: r)).LogQuery("Starting Deck");
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foreach (var c in startingDeck)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(c);
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}
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Console.WriteLine();
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var times = 0;
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var shuffle = startingDeck;
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do
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{
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// Out shuffle
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/*
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shuffle = shuffle.Take(26)
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.LogQuery("Top Half")
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.InterleaveSequenceWith(shuffle.Skip(26)
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.LogQuery("Bottom Half"))
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.LogQuery("Shuffle");
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*/
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// In shuffle
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shuffle = shuffle.Skip(26).LogQuery("Bottom Half")
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.InterleaveSequenceWith(shuffle.Take(26).LogQuery("Top Half"))
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.LogQuery("Shuffle");
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foreach (var c in shuffle)
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{
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Console.WriteLine(c);
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}
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times++;
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Console.WriteLine(times);
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} while (!startingDeck.SequenceEquals(shuffle));
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Console.WriteLine(times);
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// </StepSeven>
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}
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}
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// <StepFour>
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public static class CardExtensions
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{
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extension<T>(IEnumerable<T> sequence)
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{
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public IEnumerable<T> InterleaveSequenceWith(IEnumerable<T> second)
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{
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// Your implementation goes here
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return default;
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}
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}
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}
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// </StepFour>

‎samples/snippets/csharp/getting-started/console-linq/console-linq.csproj‎ renamed to ‎docs/csharp/tutorials/snippets/console-linq/LInqFaroShuffle.csproj‎

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<PropertyGroup>
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<OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
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<TargetFramework>net8.0</TargetFramework>
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<TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
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<Nullable>enable</Nullable>
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<ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
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</PropertyGroup>
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</Project>

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