From 1f36747a9a38ed1fa2c938f9e96a425f7332fc32 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Genevieve Warren <24882762+gewarren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 18 Feb 2025 15:44:29 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 1/4] add project file and modernize code

---
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs |  18 +--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs |  20 +--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs |  18 +--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs |  18 +--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs | 119 ++++++++++--------
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs |  97 +++++++-------
 .../Overview/Program.cs                       |   4 +
 .../Overview/Project.csproj                   |   8 ++
 .../Overview/example1.cs                      |  19 ++-
 .../Overview/example1a.cs                     |  12 +-
 .../Overview/example2.cs                      |  34 ++---
 .../Overview/nullreturn2.cs                   |  64 +++++-----
 .../Overview/nullreturn2a.cs                  |  67 +++++-----
 xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml         |   2 +-
 14 files changed, 266 insertions(+), 234 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs
 create mode 100644 snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj

diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
index fdf4155a3ac..d6946b1f6c3 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 // <Snippet8>
 using System;
 
-public class Example
+public class Array1Example
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      String[] values = { "one", null, "two" };
-      for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
-         Console.Write("{0}{1}", values[ctr].Trim(),
-                       ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
-      Console.WriteLine();
-   }
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        string[] values = { "one", null, "two" };
+        for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
+            Console.Write("{0}{1}", values[ctr].Trim(),
+                          ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
+        Console.WriteLine();
+    }
 }
 // The example displays the following output:
 //    Unhandled Exception:
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
index c83b8fabdb5..fb37481e6ac 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 // <Snippet9>
 using System;
 
-public class Example
+public class Array2Example
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      String[] values = { "one", null, "two" };
-      for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
-         Console.Write("{0}{1}",
-                       values[ctr] != null ? values[ctr].Trim() : "",
-                       ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
-      Console.WriteLine();
-   }
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        string[] values = { "one", null, "two" };
+        for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
+            Console.Write("{0}{1}",
+                          values[ctr] != null ? values[ctr].Trim() : "",
+                          ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
+        Console.WriteLine();
+    }
 }
 // The example displays the following output:
 //       one, , two
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs
index 5eb2409b230..e90b72567db 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 // <Snippet10>
 using System;
 
-public class Example
+public class Array3Example
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-       int[] values = null;
-       for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 9; ctr++)
-          values[ctr] = ctr * 2;
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        int[] values = null;
+        for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 9; ctr++)
+            values[ctr] = ctr * 2;
 
-       foreach (var value in values)
-          Console.WriteLine(value);
-   }
+        foreach (int value in values)
+            Console.WriteLine(value);
+    }
 }
 // The example displays the following output:
 //    Unhandled Exception:
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs
index 1a73df7c04b..f7e0dea6040 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs
@@ -1,17 +1,17 @@
 // <Snippet11>
 using System;
 
-public class Example
+public class Array4Example
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-       int[] values = new int[10];
-       for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 9; ctr++)
-          values[ctr] = ctr * 2;
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        int[] values = new int[10];
+        for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 9; ctr++)
+            values[ctr] = ctr * 2;
 
-       foreach (var value in values)
-          Console.WriteLine(value);
-   }
+        foreach (int value in values)
+            Console.WriteLine(value);
+    }
 }
 // The example displays the following output:
 //    0
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
index e4b5a79e937..18cff5a6882 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
@@ -1,62 +1,71 @@
-// <Snippet6>
-using System;
+using System;
 
-public class Example
+namespace Chain1
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      var pages = new Pages();
-      if (!String.IsNullOrEmpty(pages.CurrentPage.Title)) {
-         String title = pages.CurrentPage.Title;
-         Console.WriteLine("Current title: '{0}'", title);
-      }
-   }
-}
+    // <Snippet6>
+    public class Chain1Example
+    {
+        public static void Main()
+        {
+            var pages = new Pages();
+            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(pages.CurrentPage.Title))
+            {
+                string title = pages.CurrentPage.Title;
+                Console.WriteLine("Current title: '{0}'", title);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-public class Pages
-{
-   Page[] page = new Page[10];
-   int ctr = 0;
+    public class Pages
+    {
+        readonly Page[] _page = new Page[10];
+        int _ctr = 0;
 
-   public Page CurrentPage
-   {
-      get { return page[ctr]; }
-      set {
-         // Move all the page objects down to accommodate the new one.
-         if (ctr > page.GetUpperBound(0)) {
-            for (int ndx = 1; ndx <= page.GetUpperBound(0); ndx++)
-               page[ndx - 1] = page[ndx];
-         }
-         page[ctr] = value;
-         if (ctr < page.GetUpperBound(0))
-            ctr++;
-      }
-   }
+        public Page CurrentPage
+        {
+            get { return _page[_ctr]; }
+            set
+            {
+                // Move all the page objects down to accommodate the new one.
+                if (_ctr > _page.GetUpperBound(0))
+                {
+                    for (int ndx = 1; ndx <= _page.GetUpperBound(0); ndx++)
+                        _page[ndx - 1] = _page[ndx];
+                }
+                _page[_ctr] = value;
+                if (_ctr < _page.GetUpperBound(0))
+                    _ctr++;
+            }
+        }
 
-   public Page PreviousPage
-   {
-      get {
-         if (ctr == 0) {
-            if (page[0] == null)
-               return null;
-            else
-               return page[0];
-         }
-         else {
-            ctr--;
-            return page[ctr + 1];
-         }
-      }
-   }
-}
+        public Page PreviousPage
+        {
+            get
+            {
+                if (_ctr == 0)
+                {
+                    if (_page[0] == null)
+                        return null;
+                    else
+                        return _page[0];
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    _ctr--;
+                    return _page[_ctr + 1];
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
-public class Page
-{
-   public Uri URL;
-   public String Title;
+    public class Page
+    {
+        public Uri URL;
+        public string Title;
+    }
+    // The example displays the following output:
+    //    Unhandled Exception:
+    //       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
+    //       at Example.Main()
+    // </Snippet6>
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//    Unhandled Exception:
-//       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
-//       at Example.Main()
-// </Snippet6>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
index 8a261bfa129..43168c00a20 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
@@ -1,20 +1,22 @@
 // <Snippet7>
 using System;
 
-public class Example
+public class Chain2Example
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      var pages = new Pages();
-      Page current = pages.CurrentPage;
-      if (current != null) {
-         String title = current.Title;
-         Console.WriteLine("Current title: '{0}'", title);
-      }
-      else {
-         Console.WriteLine("There is no page information in the cache.");
-      }
-   }
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        var pages = new Pages();
+        Page current = pages.CurrentPage;
+        if (current != null)
+        {
+            string title = current.Title;
+            Console.WriteLine("Current title: '{0}'", title);
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            Console.WriteLine("There is no page information in the cache.");
+        }
+    }
 }
 // The example displays the following output:
 //       There is no page information in the cache.
@@ -22,43 +24,48 @@ public static void Main()
 
 public class Pages
 {
-   Page[] page = new Page[10];
-   int ctr = 0;
+    readonly Page[] _page = new Page[10];
+    int _ctr = 0;
 
-   public Page CurrentPage
-   {
-      get { return page[ctr]; }
-      set {
-         // Move all the page objects down to accommodate the new one.
-         if (ctr > page.GetUpperBound(0)) {
-            for (int ndx = 1; ndx <= page.GetUpperBound(0); ndx++)
-               page[ndx - 1] = page[ndx];
-         }
-         page[ctr] = value;
-         if (ctr < page.GetUpperBound(0))
-            ctr++;
-      }
-   }
+    public Page CurrentPage
+    {
+        get { return _page[_ctr]; }
+        set
+        {
+            // Move all the page objects down to accommodate the new one.
+            if (_ctr > _page.GetUpperBound(0))
+            {
+                for (int ndx = 1; ndx <= _page.GetUpperBound(0); ndx++)
+                    _page[ndx - 1] = _page[ndx];
+            }
+            _page[_ctr] = value;
+            if (_ctr < _page.GetUpperBound(0))
+                _ctr++;
+        }
+    }
 
-   public Page PreviousPage
-   {
-      get {
-         if (ctr == 0) {
-            if (page[0] == null)
-               return null;
+    public Page PreviousPage
+    {
+        get
+        {
+            if (_ctr == 0)
+            {
+                if (_page[0] == null)
+                    return null;
+                else
+                    return _page[0];
+            }
             else
-               return page[0];
-         }
-         else {
-            ctr--;
-            return page[ctr + 1];
-         }
-      }
-   }
+            {
+                _ctr--;
+                return _page[_ctr + 1];
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 public class Page
 {
-   public Uri URL;
-   public String Title;
+    public Uri URL;
+    public string Title;
 }
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..aa9513016f6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+// Do something
+using System;
+
+Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..92e46ddaccf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
+
+  <PropertyGroup>
+    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
+  </PropertyGroup>
+
+</Project>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs
index ddc1d52a6d0..67006d95bd9 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
 // <Snippet1>
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
-public class Example
+public class UseBeforeAssignExample
 {
-   public static void Main(string[] args)
-   {
-      int value = Int32.Parse(args[0]);
-      List<String> names;
-      if (value > 0)
-         names = new List<String>();
+    public static void Main(string[] args)
+    {
+        int value = int.Parse(args[0]);
+        List<string> names;
+        if (value > 0)
+            names = [];
 
-      names.Add("Major Major Major");
-   }
+        //names.Add("Major Major Major");
+    }
 }
 // Compilation displays a warning like the following:
 //    Example1.cs(10) : warning BC42104: Variable //names// is used before it
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1a.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1a.cs
index 29f01321962..d83ee39e134 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1a.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1a.cs
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 // <Snippet2>
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
-public class Example
+public class AnotherExample
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      List<String> names = new List<String>();
-      names.Add("Major Major Major");
-   }
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        List<string> names = ["Major Major Major"];
+    }
 }
 // </Snippet2>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs
index 9d485a1113c..a946f297807 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs
@@ -2,26 +2,26 @@
 using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
-public class Example
+public class NRE2Example
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      List<String> names = GetData();
-      PopulateNames(names);
-   }
+    public static void Main()
+    {
+        List<string> names = GetData();
+        PopulateNames(names);
+    }
 
-   private static void PopulateNames(List<String> names)
-   {
-      String[] arrNames = { "Dakota", "Samuel", "Nikita",
-                            "Koani", "Saya", "Yiska", "Yumaevsky" };
-      foreach (var arrName in arrNames)
-         names.Add(arrName);
-   }
+    private static void PopulateNames(List<string> names)
+    {
+        string[] arrNames = [ "Dakota", "Samuel", "Nikita",
+                            "Koani", "Saya", "Yiska", "Yumaevsky" ];
+        foreach (string arrName in arrNames)
+            names.Add(arrName);
+    }
 
-   private static List<String> GetData()
-   {
-      return null;
-   }
+    private static List<string> GetData()
+    {
+        return null;
+    }
 }
 // The example displays output like the following:
 //    Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
index 67945a81828..fc8449c8f61 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
@@ -1,39 +1,43 @@
-// <Snippet4>
+
 using System;
 
-public class Example
+namespace NullReturn
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      Person[] persons = Person.AddRange( new String[] { "Abigail", "Abra",
+    public class NullReturnExample
+    {
+        // <Snippet4>
+        public static void Main()
+        {
+            Person[] persons = Person.AddRange([ "Abigail", "Abra",
                                           "Abraham", "Adrian", "Ariella",
-                                          "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" } );
-      String nameToFind = "Robert";
-      Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
-      Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
-   }
-}
+                                          "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" ]);
+            string nameToFind = "Robert";
+            Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
+            Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
+        }
+    }
 
-public class Person
-{
-   public static Person[] AddRange(String[] firstNames)
-   {
-      Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
-      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
-         p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
+    public class Person
+    {
+        public static Person[] AddRange(string[] firstNames)
+        {
+            Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
+            for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
+                p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
 
-      return p;
-   }
+            return p;
+        }
 
-   public Person(String firstName)
-   {
-      this.FirstName = firstName;
-   }
+        public Person(string firstName)
+        {
+            FirstName = firstName;
+        }
 
-   public String FirstName;
+        public string FirstName;
+    }
+    // The example displays the following output:
+    //       Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException:
+    //       Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
+    //          at Example.Main()
+    // </Snippet4>
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//       Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException:
-//       Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
-//          at Example.Main()
-// </Snippet4>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs
index f3bc4380217..740804e542b 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs
@@ -1,40 +1,43 @@
-// <Snippet5>
-using System;
+using System;
 
-public class Example
+namespace NullReturn2
 {
-   public static void Main()
-   {
-      Person[] persons = Person.AddRange( new String[] { "Abigail", "Abra",
+    // <Snippet5>
+    public class NullReturn2Example
+    {
+        public static void Main()
+        {
+            Person[] persons = Person.AddRange([ "Abigail", "Abra",
                                           "Abraham", "Adrian", "Ariella",
-                                          "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" } );
-      String nameToFind = "Robert";
-      Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
-      if (found != null)
-         Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
-      else
-         Console.WriteLine("{0} not found.", nameToFind);
-   }
-}
+                                          "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" ]);
+            string nameToFind = "Robert";
+            Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
+            if (found != null)
+                Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
+            else
+                Console.WriteLine("{0} not found.", nameToFind);
+        }
+    }
 
-public class Person
-{
-   public static Person[] AddRange(String[] firstNames)
-   {
-      Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
-      for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
-         p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
+    public class Person
+    {
+        public static Person[] AddRange(string[] firstNames)
+        {
+            Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
+            for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
+                p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
 
-      return p;
-   }
+            return p;
+        }
 
-   public Person(String firstName)
-   {
-      this.FirstName = firstName;
-   }
+        public Person(string firstName)
+        {
+            FirstName = firstName;
+        }
 
-   public String FirstName;
+        public string FirstName;
+    }
+    // The example displays the following output:
+    //        Robert not found
+    // </Snippet5>
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//        Robert not found
-// </Snippet5>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml b/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
index 2305d4c30bc..24fe317274d 100644
--- a/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
+++ b/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@
 ## Remarks
  A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception is thrown when you try to access a member on a type whose value is `null`. A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception typically reflects developer error and is thrown in the following scenarios:
 
--   You've forgotten to instantiate a reference type. In the following example, `names` is declared but never instantiated:
+-   You've forgotten to instantiate a reference type. In the following example, `names` is declared but never instantiated (the affected line is commented out in the C# example since it doesn't compile):
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs" id="Snippet1":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.fs" id="Snippet1":::

From cb62b49da055abce2eac9121527e893c61a2078c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Genevieve Warren <24882762+gewarren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2025 10:23:24 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Apply suggestions from code review

Co-authored-by: Bill Wagner <wiwagn@microsoft.com>
---
 .../csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs   | 2 +-
 .../csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs   | 2 +-
 .../csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs   | 4 ++--
 .../csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs   | 2 +-
 .../System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs     | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 6 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
index d6946b1f6c3..008c4c3568d 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ public class Array1Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
-        string[] values = { "one", null, "two" };
+        string[] values = [ "one", null, "two" ];
         for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
             Console.Write("{0}{1}", values[ctr].Trim(),
                           ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
index fb37481e6ac..bfd8a03102f 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ public class Array2Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
-        string[] values = { "one", null, "two" };
+        string[] values = [ "one", null, "two" ];
         for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
             Console.Write("{0}{1}",
                           values[ctr] != null ? values[ctr].Trim() : "",
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
index 18cff5a6882..6683a70a73f 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public static void Main()
             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(pages.CurrentPage.Title))
             {
                 string title = pages.CurrentPage.Title;
-                Console.WriteLine("Current title: '{0}'", title);
+                Console.WriteLine($"Current title: '{title}'");
             }
         }
     }
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public Page PreviousPage
             {
                 if (_ctr == 0)
                 {
-                    if (_page[0] == null)
+                    if (_page[0] is null)
                         return null;
                     else
                         return _page[0];
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
index 43168c00a20..12e007a3c2e 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public static void Main()
         if (current != null)
         {
             string title = current.Title;
-            Console.WriteLine("Current title: '{0}'", title);
+            Console.WriteLine($"Current title: '{title}'");
         }
         else
         {
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
index fc8449c8f61..e6395844837 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ public static void Main()
 
     public class Person
     {
-        public static Person[] AddRange(string[] firstNames)
+        public static Person[] AddRange(params string[] firstNames)
         {
             Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
             for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)

From 3a1ca10d4aa71926106a9a9b43c84e159d9aeb5b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Genevieve Warren <24882762+gewarren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2025 11:46:06 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 3/4] respond to feedback; add note about nullable context

---
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs | 14 ++--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs | 11 +--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs | 15 ++--
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs | 29 ++++----
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs |  3 +-
 .../NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs | 11 +--
 .../Overview/Program.cs                       |  6 +-
 .../Overview/Project.csproj                   |  1 +
 .../Overview/example1.cs                      |  5 +-
 .../Overview/example2.cs                      |  6 +-
 .../Overview/nullreturn2.cs                   | 71 +++++++++++--------
 .../Overview/nullreturn2a.cs                  | 43 -----------
 xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml         | 44 ++++++------
 13 files changed, 120 insertions(+), 139 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs

diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
index 008c4c3568d..599029a2be9 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array1.cs
@@ -1,19 +1,19 @@
-// <Snippet8>
-using System;
+using System;
 
 public class Array1Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
+        // <Snippet8>
         string[] values = [ "one", null, "two" ];
         for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
             Console.Write("{0}{1}", values[ctr].Trim(),
                           ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
         Console.WriteLine();
+
+        // The example displays the following output:
+        //    Unhandled Exception:
+        //       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
+        // </Snippet8>
     }
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//    Unhandled Exception:
-//       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
-//       at Example.Main()
-// </Snippet8>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
index bfd8a03102f..756e52f450b 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.cs
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
-// <Snippet9>
-using System;
+using System;
 
 public class Array2Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
+        // <Snippet9>
         string[] values = [ "one", null, "two" ];
         for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= values.GetUpperBound(0); ctr++)
             Console.Write("{0}{1}",
                           values[ctr] != null ? values[ctr].Trim() : "",
                           ctr == values.GetUpperBound(0) ? "" : ", ");
         Console.WriteLine();
+
+        // The example displays the following output:
+        //       one, , two
+        // </Snippet9>
     }
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//       one, , two
-// </Snippet9>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs
index e90b72567db..45bc07360b2 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs
@@ -1,20 +1,21 @@
-// <Snippet10>
-using System;
+using System;
 
 public class Array3Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
+        // <Snippet10>
         int[] values = null;
         for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 9; ctr++)
             values[ctr] = ctr * 2;
 
         foreach (int value in values)
             Console.WriteLine(value);
+
+        // The example displays the following output:
+        //    Unhandled Exception:
+        //       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
+        //       at Array3Example.Main()
+        // </Snippet10>
     }
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//    Unhandled Exception:
-//       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
-//       at Example.Main()
-// </Snippet10>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs
index f7e0dea6040..cc4c40e91cb 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array4.cs
@@ -1,27 +1,28 @@
-// <Snippet11>
-using System;
+using System;
 
 public class Array4Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
+        // <Snippet11>
         int[] values = new int[10];
         for (int ctr = 0; ctr <= 9; ctr++)
             values[ctr] = ctr * 2;
 
         foreach (int value in values)
             Console.WriteLine(value);
+
+        // The example displays the following output:
+        //    0
+        //    2
+        //    4
+        //    6
+        //    8
+        //    10
+        //    12
+        //    14
+        //    16
+        //    18
+        // </Snippet11>
     }
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//    0
-//    2
-//    4
-//    6
-//    8
-//    10
-//    12
-//    14
-//    16
-//    18
-// </Snippet11>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
index 6683a70a73f..31f69e53c3e 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs
@@ -63,9 +63,10 @@ public class Page
         public Uri URL;
         public string Title;
     }
+
     // The example displays the following output:
     //    Unhandled Exception:
     //       System.NullReferenceException: Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
-    //       at Example.Main()
+    //       at Chain1Example.Main()
     // </Snippet6>
 }
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
index 12e007a3c2e..2034ef1efb6 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-// <Snippet7>
-using System;
+using System;
 
 public class Chain2Example
 {
     public static void Main()
     {
+        // <Snippet7>
         var pages = new Pages();
         Page current = pages.CurrentPage;
         if (current != null)
@@ -16,11 +16,12 @@ public static void Main()
         {
             Console.WriteLine("There is no page information in the cache.");
         }
+
+        // The example displays the following output:
+        //       There is no page information in the cache.
+        // </Snippet7>
     }
 }
-// The example displays the following output:
-//       There is no page information in the cache.
-// </Snippet7>
 
 public class Pages
 {
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs
index aa9513016f6..7710f02b42b 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Program.cs
@@ -1,4 +1,2 @@
-// Do something
-using System;
-
-Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
+//NullReturnExample.NoCheckExample();
+NullReturnExample.ExampleWithNullCheck();
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj
index 92e46ddaccf..80f35861282 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Project.csproj
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
   <PropertyGroup>
     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
+    <Nullable>disable</Nullable>
     <TargetFramework>net9.0</TargetFramework>
   </PropertyGroup>
 
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs
index 67006d95bd9..2d6cd6cf38a 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs
@@ -13,8 +13,9 @@ public static void Main(string[] args)
         //names.Add("Major Major Major");
     }
 }
+
 // Compilation displays a warning like the following:
-//    Example1.cs(10) : warning BC42104: Variable //names// is used before it
+//    warning BC42104: Variable //names// is used before it
 //    has been assigned a value. A null reference exception could result
 //    at runtime.
 //
@@ -23,5 +24,5 @@ public static void Main(string[] args)
 // The example displays output like the following output:
 //    Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference
 //    not set to an instance of an object.
-//       at Example.Main()
+//       at UseBeforeAssignExample.Main()
 // </Snippet1>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs
index a946f297807..41dfb78ede0 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 // <Snippet3>
-using System;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 
 public class NRE2Example
@@ -23,9 +22,10 @@ private static List<string> GetData()
         return null;
     }
 }
+
 // The example displays output like the following:
 //    Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException: Object reference
 //    not set to an instance of an object.
-//       at Example.PopulateNames(List`1 names)
-//       at Example.Main()
+//       at NRE2Example.PopulateNames(List`1 names)
+//       at NRE2Example.Main()
 // </Snippet3>
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
index e6395844837..2c6dd285739 100644
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
+++ b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs
@@ -1,43 +1,58 @@
 
 using System;
 
-namespace NullReturn
+public class NullReturnExample
 {
-    public class NullReturnExample
+    // <Snippet4>
+    public static void NoCheckExample()
     {
-        // <Snippet4>
-        public static void Main()
-        {
-            Person[] persons = Person.AddRange([ "Abigail", "Abra",
+        Person[] persons = Person.AddRange([ "Abigail", "Abra",
                                           "Abraham", "Adrian", "Ariella",
                                           "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" ]);
-            string nameToFind = "Robert";
-            Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
-            Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
-        }
+        string nameToFind = "Robert";
+        Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
+        Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
     }
 
-    public class Person
+    // The example displays the following output:
+    //       Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException:
+    //       Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
+    // </Snippet4>
+
+    // <Snippet5>
+    public static void ExampleWithNullCheck()
     {
-        public static Person[] AddRange(params string[] firstNames)
-        {
-            Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
-            for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
-                p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
+        Person[] persons = Person.AddRange([ "Abigail", "Abra",
+                                          "Abraham", "Adrian", "Ariella",
+                                          "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" ]);
+        string nameToFind = "Robert";
+        Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
+        if (found != null)
+            Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
+        else
+            Console.WriteLine($"'{nameToFind}' not found.");
+    }
+
+    // The example displays the following output:
+    //        'Robert' not found
+    // </Snippet5>
+}
 
-            return p;
-        }
+public class Person
+{
+    public static Person[] AddRange(params string[] firstNames)
+    {
+        Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
+        for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
+            p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
 
-        public Person(string firstName)
-        {
-            FirstName = firstName;
-        }
+        return p;
+    }
 
-        public string FirstName;
+    public Person(string firstName)
+    {
+        FirstName = firstName;
     }
-    // The example displays the following output:
-    //       Unhandled Exception: System.NullReferenceException:
-    //       Object reference not set to an instance of an object.
-    //          at Example.Main()
-    // </Snippet4>
+
+    public string FirstName;
 }
diff --git a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs b/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs
deleted file mode 100644
index 740804e542b..00000000000
--- a/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,43 +0,0 @@
-using System;
-
-namespace NullReturn2
-{
-    // <Snippet5>
-    public class NullReturn2Example
-    {
-        public static void Main()
-        {
-            Person[] persons = Person.AddRange([ "Abigail", "Abra",
-                                          "Abraham", "Adrian", "Ariella",
-                                          "Arnold", "Aston", "Astor" ]);
-            string nameToFind = "Robert";
-            Person found = Array.Find(persons, p => p.FirstName == nameToFind);
-            if (found != null)
-                Console.WriteLine(found.FirstName);
-            else
-                Console.WriteLine("{0} not found.", nameToFind);
-        }
-    }
-
-    public class Person
-    {
-        public static Person[] AddRange(string[] firstNames)
-        {
-            Person[] p = new Person[firstNames.Length];
-            for (int ctr = 0; ctr < firstNames.Length; ctr++)
-                p[ctr] = new Person(firstNames[ctr]);
-
-            return p;
-        }
-
-        public Person(string firstName)
-        {
-            FirstName = firstName;
-        }
-
-        public string FirstName;
-    }
-    // The example displays the following output:
-    //        Robert not found
-    // </Snippet5>
-}
diff --git a/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml b/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
index 24fe317274d..bbe543dff23 100644
--- a/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
+++ b/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
@@ -72,9 +72,13 @@
       <format type="text/markdown"><![CDATA[
 
 ## Remarks
- A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception is thrown when you try to access a member on a type whose value is `null`. A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception typically reflects developer error and is thrown in the following scenarios:
 
--   You've forgotten to instantiate a reference type. In the following example, `names` is declared but never instantiated (the affected line is commented out in the C# example since it doesn't compile):
+A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception is thrown when you try to access a member on a type whose value is `null`. A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception typically reflects developer error and is thrown in the following scenarios:
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> You can avoid most `NullReferenceException` exceptions in C# by using the [null-conditional operator](/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/operators/null-conditional-operator) (`?.`) or the [null-coalescing operator](/dotnet/csharp/language-reference/operators/null-coalescing-operator) (`??`). For more information, see [Nullable reference types](/dotnet/csharp/whats-new/csharp-8#nullable-reference-types). The following C# examples assume the nullable context is disabled (not recommended).
+
+- You forgot to instantiate a reference type. In the following example, `names` is declared but never instantiated (the affected line is commented out in the C# example since it doesn't compile):
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.cs" id="Snippet1":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1.fs" id="Snippet1":::
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example1a.fs" id="Snippet2":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/example1a.vb" id="Snippet2":::
 
--   You've forgotten to dimension an array before initializing it. In the following example, `values` is declared to be an integer array, but the number of elements that it contains is never specified. The attempt to initialize its values therefore thrown a  <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
+- You forgot to dimension an array before initializing it. In the following example, `values` is declared to be an integer array, but the number of elements that it contains is never specified. The attempt to initialize its values therefore throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.cs" id="Snippet10":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array3.fs" id="Snippet10":::
@@ -100,7 +104,7 @@
 
      For more information on declaring and initializing arrays, see [Arrays](/dotnet/csharp/programming-guide/arrays/) and [Arrays](/dotnet/visual-basic/programming-guide/language-features/arrays/).
 
--   You get a **null** return value from a method, and then call a method on the returned type. This sometimes is the result of a documentation error; the documentation fails to note that a method call can return `null`. In other cases, your code erroneously assumes that the method will always return a non-**null** value.
+- You get a **null** return value from a method, and then call a method on the returned type. This sometimes is the result of a documentation error; the documentation fails to note that a method call can return `null`. In other cases, your code erroneously assumes that the method will always return a non-null value.
 
      The code in the following example assumes that the <xref:System.Array.Find%2A?displayProperty=nameWithType> method always returns `Person` object whose `FirstName` field matches a search string. Because there is no match, the runtime throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
 
@@ -108,27 +112,27 @@
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.fs" id="Snippet4":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/nullreturn2.vb" id="Snippet4":::
 
-     To address this problem, test the method's return value to ensure that it is not `null` before calling any of its members, as the following example does.
+     To address this problem, test the method's return value to ensure that it's not `null` before calling any of its members, as the following example does.
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs" id="Snippet5":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.fs" id="Snippet5":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/nullreturn2a.vb" id="Snippet5":::
 
--   You're using an expression (for example, you're chaining a list of methods or properties together) to retrieve a value and, although you're checking whether the value is `null`, the runtime still throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception. This occurs because one of the intermediate values in the expression returns `null`. As a result, your test for `null` is never evaluated.
+- You're using an expression (for example, you chained a list of methods or properties together) to retrieve a value and, although you're checking whether the value is `null`, the runtime still throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception. This occurs because one of the intermediate values in the expression returns `null`. As a result, your test for `null` is never evaluated.
 
-     The following example defines a `Pages` object that  caches information about web pages, which are presented by `Page` objects. The `Example.Main` method checks whether the current web page has a non-null title and, if it does, displays the title. Despite this check, however, the method throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
+     The following example defines a `Pages` object that caches information about web pages, which are presented by `Page` objects. The `Example.Main` method checks whether the current web page has a non-null title and, if it does, displays the title. Despite this check, however, the method throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.cs" id="Snippet6":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain1.fs" id="Snippet6":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/Chain1.vb" id="Snippet6":::
 
-     The exception is thrown because `pages.CurrentPage` returns `null` if no page information is  stored in the cache. This exception can be corrected by testing the value of the `CurrentPage` property before retrieving the current `Page` object's `Title` property, as the following example does:
+     The exception is thrown because `pages.CurrentPage` returns `null` if no page information is stored in the cache. This exception can be corrected by testing the value of the `CurrentPage` property before retrieving the current `Page` object's `Title` property, as the following example does:
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.cs" id="Snippet7":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Chain2.fs" id="Snippet7":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/Chain2.vb" id="Snippet7":::
 
--   You're enumerating the elements of an array that contains reference types, and your attempt to process one of the elements throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
+- You're enumerating the elements of an array that contains reference types, and your attempt to process one of the elements throws a <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception.
 
      The following example defines a string array. A `for` statement enumerates the elements in the array and calls each string's <xref:System.String.Trim%2A> method before displaying the string.
 
@@ -142,7 +146,7 @@
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/Array2.fs" id="Snippet9":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/Array2.vb" id="Snippet9":::
 
--   A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception can be thrown by a method when it accesses a member of one of its arguments, but that argument is `null`. The `PopulateNames` method in the following example throws the exception at the line `names.Add(arrName);`.
+- A method when it accesses a member of one of its arguments, but that argument is `null`. The `PopulateNames` method in the following example throws the exception at the line `names.Add(arrName);`.
 
      :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.cs" id="Snippet3":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/example2.fs" id="Snippet3":::
@@ -150,25 +154,25 @@
 
      To address this issue, make sure that the argument passed to the method is not `null`, or handle the thrown exception in a `try…catch…finally` block. For more information, see [Exceptions](/dotnet/standard/exceptions/).
 
- The following Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions throw <xref:System.NullReferenceException>: `callvirt`, `cpblk`, `cpobj`, `initblk`, `ldelem.<type>`, `ldelema`, `ldfld`, `ldflda`, `ldind.<type>`, `ldlen`, `stelem.<type>`, `stfld`, `stind.<type>`, `throw`, and `unbox`.
+The following Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) instructions throw <xref:System.NullReferenceException>: `callvirt`, `cpblk`, `cpobj`, `initblk`, `ldelem.<type>`, `ldelema`, `ldfld`, `ldflda`, `ldind.<type>`, `ldlen`, `stelem.<type>`, `stfld`, `stind.<type>`, `throw`, and `unbox`.
 
- <xref:System.NullReferenceException> uses the HRESULT COR_E_NULLREFERENCE, which has the value 0x80004003.
+<xref:System.NullReferenceException> uses the HRESULT `COR_E_NULLREFERENCE`, which has the value 0x80004003.
 
- For a list of initial property values for an instance of <xref:System.NullReferenceException>, see the <xref:System.NullReferenceException.%23ctor%2A> constructors.
+For a list of initial property values for an instance of <xref:System.NullReferenceException>, see the <xref:System.NullReferenceException.%23ctor*> constructors.
 
- **Handling NullReferenceException in release code**
+### When to handle NullReferenceException exceptions
 
- It's usually better to avoid a NullReferenceException than to handle it after it occurs. Handling an exception can make your code harder to maintain and understand, and can sometimes introduce other bugs. A NullReferenceException is often a non-recoverable error. In these cases, letting the exception stop the app might be the best alternative.
+It's usually better to avoid a NullReferenceException than to handle it after it occurs. Handling an exception can make your code harder to maintain and understand, and can sometimes introduce other bugs. A NullReferenceException is often a non-recoverable error. In these cases, letting the exception stop the app might be the best alternative.
 
- However, there are many situations where handling the error can be useful:
+However, there are many situations where handling the error can be useful:
 
--   Your app can ignore objects that are null. For example, if your app retrieves and processes records in a database, you might be able to ignore some number of bad records that result in null objects. Recording the bad data in a log file or in the application UI might be all you have to do.
+- Your app can ignore objects that are null. For example, if your app retrieves and processes records in a database, you might be able to ignore some number of bad records that result in null objects. Recording the bad data in a log file or in the application UI might be all you have to do.
 
--   You can recover from the exception. For example, a call to a web service that returns a reference type might return null if the connection is lost or the connection times out. You can attempt to reestablish the connection and try the call again.
+- You can recover from the exception. For example, a call to a web service that returns a reference type might return null if the connection is lost or the connection times out. You can attempt to reestablish the connection and try the call again.
 
--   You can restore the state of your app to a valid state. For example, you might be performing a multi-step task that requires you to save information to a data store before you call a method that throws a NullReferenceException. If the uninitialized object would corrupt the data record, you can remove the previous data before you close the app.
+- You can restore the state of your app to a valid state. For example, you might be performing a multi-step task that requires you to save information to a data store before you call a method that throws a NullReferenceException. If the uninitialized object would corrupt the data record, you can remove the previous data before you close the app.
 
--   You want to report the exception. For example, if the error was caused by a mistake from the user of your app, you can generate a message to help them supply the correct information. You can also log information about the error to help you fix the problem. Some frameworks, like ASP.NET, have a high-level exception handler that captures all errors to that the app never crashes; in that case, logging the exception might be the only way you can know that it occurs.
+- You want to report the exception. For example, if the error was caused by a mistake from the user of your app, you can generate a message to help them supply the correct information. You can also log information about the error to help you fix the problem. Some frameworks, like ASP.NET, have a high-level exception handler that captures all errors to that the app never crashes; in that case, logging the exception might be the only way you can know that it occurs.
 
  ]]></format>
     </remarks>

From 27eec15391922847a4b61dcc08b9c4f5b7dcc7a8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Genevieve Warren <24882762+gewarren@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Wed, 19 Feb 2025 12:09:41 -0800
Subject: [PATCH 4/4] fix snippet file path

---
 xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml b/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
index bbe543dff23..5b6186724c3 100644
--- a/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
+++ b/xml/System/NullReferenceException.xml
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ A <xref:System.NullReferenceException> exception is thrown when you try to acces
 
      To address this problem, test the method's return value to ensure that it's not `null` before calling any of its members, as the following example does.
 
-     :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.cs" id="Snippet5":::
+     :::code language="csharp" source="~/snippets/csharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2.cs" id="Snippet5":::
      :::code language="fsharp" source="~/snippets/fsharp/System/NullReferenceException/Overview/nullreturn2a.fs" id="Snippet5":::
      :::code language="vb" source="~/snippets/visualbasic/VS_Snippets_CLR_System/system.nullreferenceexception.class/vb/nullreturn2a.vb" id="Snippet5":::