IQueryable associated with ToInMemoryQuery cannot be translated in EF Core version 10

[taisbak]

Bug description

modelBuilder.Entity().ToInMemoryQuery( () => ... ) cannot be translated to SQL in EF Core version 10.
It works fine in the previous EF Core version 9.

We use the functionality to create grafted "views" for the curated model used by our HotChocolate GraphQL application.

Your code

// <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

//   <PropertyGroup>
//     <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
//     <TargetFramework>net10.0</TargetFramework>
//     <ImplicitUsings>enable</ImplicitUsings>
//     <Nullable>enable</Nullable>
//   </PropertyGroup>
  
//   <ItemGroup>
//     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory" Version="10.0.1" />
//     <PackageReference Include="Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer" Version="10.0.1" />
//   </ItemGroup>

// </Project>

using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;

using ( var ctx = new TableContext() ) {
    var tables = ctx.EmbracedTables.Take(10).ToList();
    foreach ( var table in tables ) {
        Console.WriteLine( table.Name );
    }
}

class EmbracedTables {
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Object_id { get; set; }
}

class Tables {
    public string Name { get; set; }
    public int Object_id { get; set; }
}   

class TableContext : DbContext {

    public DbSet<EmbracedTables> EmbracedTables { get; set; }
    public DbSet<Tables> Tables { get; set; }

    protected override void OnConfiguring(DbContextOptionsBuilder optionsBuilder) {
        optionsBuilder
            .UseSqlServer("Server=localhost;Database=WideWorldImporters; integrated security=true; trusted_connection=true; trustServerCertificate=true")
            .UseQueryTrackingBehavior(QueryTrackingBehavior.NoTracking)
            .LogTo(Console.WriteLine, Microsoft.Extensions.Logging.LogLevel.Debug);
    }
    
    protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
    {
        modelBuilder.HasDefaultSchema("sys");
        modelBuilder.Entity<Tables>().HasKey(e => e.Object_id);

        modelBuilder.Entity<EmbracedTables>().HasKey(e => e.Object_id);
        modelBuilder.Entity<EmbracedTables>().ToInMemoryQuery( () => 
            from t in Tables
            select new EmbracedTables { Name = "{" + t.Name + "}", Object_id = t.Object_id } );
    }
}

Stack traces

Unhandled exception. System.InvalidOperationException: The LINQ expression '@ef_filter__Tables
    .Select(t => new EmbracedTables{
        Name = "{" + t.Name + "}",
        Object_id = t.Object_id
    }
    )' could not be translated. Either rewrite the query in a form that can be translated, or switch to client evaluation explicitly by inserting a call to 'AsEnumerable', 'AsAsyncEnumerable', 'ToList', or 'ToListAsync'. See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2101038 for more information.
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.VisitExtension(Expression extensionExpression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.Expand(Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.QueryTranslationPreprocessor.Process(Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.QueryCompilationContext.CreateQueryExecutorExpression[TResult](Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.QueryCompilationContext.CreateQueryExecutor[TResult](Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.Database.CompileQuery[TResult](Expression query, Boolean async)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.CompileQueryCore[TResult](IDatabase database, Expression query, IModel model, Boolean async)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.<>c__DisplayClass11_0`1.<ExecuteCore>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.CompiledQueryCache.GetOrAddQuery[TResult](Object cacheKey, Func`1 compiler)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.ExecuteCore[TResult](Expression query, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.Execute[TResult](Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.EntityQueryProvider.Execute[TResult](Expression expression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.EntityQueryable`1.GetEnumerator()
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 collection)
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToList[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source)
   at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) in C:\Projects\Xplore\EfCoreToInmMemoryBug\Program.cs:line 20

Verbose output

dbug: 19-12-2025 13:33:10.379 CoreEventId.ContextInitialized[10403] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure) 
      Entity Framework Core 10.0.1 initialized 'TableContext' using provider 'Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.SqlServer:10.0.1' with options: EngineType=SqlServer NoTracking 
dbug: 19-12-2025 13:33:10.398 CoreEventId.QueryCompilationStarting[10111] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query) 
      Compiling query expression:
      'DbSet<EmbracedTables>()
          .Take(@p)'
Unhandled exception. System.InvalidOperationException: The LINQ expression '@ef_filter__Tables
    .Select(t => new EmbracedTables{
        Name = "{" + t.Name + "}",
        Object_id = t.Object_id
    }
    )' could not be translated. Either rewrite the query in a form that can be translated, or switch to client evaluation explicitly by inserting a call to 'AsEnumerable', 'AsAsyncEnumerable', 'ToList', or 'ToListAsync'. See https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?linkid=2101038 for more information.
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.VisitExtension(Expression extensionExpression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression methodCallExpression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.NavigationExpandingExpressionVisitor.Expand(Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.QueryTranslationPreprocessor.Process(Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.QueryCompilationContext.CreateQueryExecutorExpression[TResult](Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.QueryCompilationContext.CreateQueryExecutor[TResult](Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Storage.Database.CompileQuery[TResult](Expression query, Boolean async)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.CompileQueryCore[TResult](IDatabase database, Expression query, IModel model, Boolean async)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.<>c__DisplayClass11_0`1.<ExecuteCore>b__0()
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.CompiledQueryCache.GetOrAddQuery[TResult](Object cacheKey, Func`1 compiler)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.ExecuteCore[TResult](Expression query, Boolean async, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.QueryCompiler.Execute[TResult](Expression query)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.EntityQueryProvider.Execute[TResult](Expression expression)
   at Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Query.Internal.EntityQueryable`1.GetEnumerator()
   at System.Collections.Generic.List`1..ctor(IEnumerable`1 collection)
   at System.Linq.Enumerable.ToList[TSource](IEnumerable`1 source)
   at Program.<Main>$(String[] args) in C:\Projects\Xplore\EfCoreToInmMemoryBug\Program.cs:line 20
dbug: 19-12-2025 13:33:10.441 CoreEventId.ContextDisposed[10407] (Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Infrastructure)
      'TableContext' disposed.

EF Core version

10.0.1

Database provider

Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.InMemory

Target framework

.NET 10.0.101

Operating system

No response

IDE

Visual Studio Code 1.107.1

[AndriySvyryd]

This functionality has been deprecated for SQL Server since 6.0. ToInMemoryQuery can only be used with the InMemory provider, for the SqlServer provider use ToSqlQuery