Merge pull request #7519 from dotnet/dev/jorobich/devcontainer

Added a devcontainer to make the contributing experience easier.

Author: JoeRobich

.devcontainer/Dockerfile

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+# See here for image contents: https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/v0.192.0/containers/dotnet/.devcontainer/base.Dockerfile
+
+FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/sdk:8.0
+
+# Set up machine requirements to build the repo
+RUN apt-get update && export DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive \
+    && apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends curl git gnupg \
+    && curl -fsSL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_20.x | bash - \
+    && apt-get install -y nodejs

.devcontainer/devcontainer.json

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+// For format details, see https://aka.ms/devcontainer.json. For config options, see the README at:
+// https://github.com/microsoft/vscode-dev-containers/tree/v0.140.1/containers/dotnetcore
+{
+  "name": "vscode-csharp",
+  "build": {
+    "dockerfile": "Dockerfile",
+    // Set the context to the workspace folder to allow us to copy files from it.
+    "context": ".."
+  },
+  "customizations": {
+    "vscode": {
+      "settings": {
+        "files.associations": {
+          "*.csproj": "msbuild",
+          "*.fsproj": "msbuild",
+          "*.globalconfig": "ini",
+          "*.manifest": "xml",
+          "*.nuspec": "xml",
+          "*.pkgdef": "ini",
+          "*.projitems": "msbuild",
+          "*.props": "msbuild",
+          "*.resx": "xml",
+          "*.rsp": "Powershell",
+          "*.ruleset": "xml",
+          "*.settings": "xml",
+          "*.shproj": "msbuild",
+          "*.slnf": "json",
+          "*.targets": "msbuild",
+          "*.vbproj": "msbuild",
+          "*.vsixmanifest": "xml",
+          "*.vstemplate": "xml",
+          "*.xlf": "xml",
+          "*.yml": "azure-pipelines"
+        },
+        // ms-vscode.powershell settings
+        "powershell.promptToUpdatePowerShell": false,
+        "powershell.integratedConsole.showOnStartup": false,
+        "powershell.startAutomatically": false,
+        // ms-azure-devops.azure-pipelines settings
+        "azure-pipelines.customSchemaFile": ".vscode/dnceng-schema.json"
+      },
+      "extensions": [
+        "ms-dotnettools.csharp",
+        "ms-dotnettools.csdevkit",
+        "EditorConfig.EditorConfig",
+        "ms-vscode.powershell",
+        "tintoy.msbuild-project-tools",
+        "ms-azure-devops.azure-pipelines",
+        "dbaeumer.vscode-eslint",
+        "esbenp.prettier-vscode",
+        "orta.vscode-jest"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "postCreateCommand": "npm ci && npx gulp installDependencies"
+}

.devcontainer/devinit.json

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+{
+    "run": [
+        {
+            "tool": "require-dotnetcoresdk"
+        }
+    ]
+  }