Update and clean up dependencies (#520)

- Based on #513
- Fixes use of rand crate after update
- Updates polars and calamine too
- Formats Cargo.toml files consistently
- Adds Cargo.lock to git (the Rust community has increasingly moved
toward including Cargo.lock for library projects) and ensure that it's
current

Author: mlafeldt

.github/workflows/rust.yaml

@@ -56,8 +56,7 @@ jobs:
           DUCKDB_LIB_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/libduckdb
           DUCKDB_INCLUDE_DIR: ${{ github.workspace }}/libduckdb
           LD_LIBRARY_PATH: ${{ github.workspace }}/libduckdb
-        run: |
-          cargo clippy --all-targets --workspace --all-features -- -D warnings
+        run: cargo clippy --all-targets --all-features --locked -- -D warnings
 
       # For windows
       - name: Windows extract duckdb

.gitignore

@@ -2,14 +2,9 @@
 # will have compiled files and executables
 /target/
 
-# Remove Cargo.lock from gitignore if creating an executable, leave it for libraries
-# More information here https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/guide/cargo-toml-vs-cargo-lock.html
-Cargo.lock
-
 # These are backup files generated by rustfmt
 **/*.rs.bk
 
-
 # Added by cargo
 
 /target