Add patch to specify via INSTALL the repository from where to load extensions

Author: carlopi

patches/duckdb/extension_install_rework_with_community.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+diff --git a/src/include/duckdb/main/database.hpp b/src/include/duckdb/main/database.hpp
+index 222a36c051..b2bcd97599 100644
+--- a/src/include/duckdb/main/database.hpp
++++ b/src/include/duckdb/main/database.hpp
+@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ struct ExtensionInfo {
+ };
+ 
+ class DatabaseInstance : public enable_shared_from_this<DatabaseInstance> {
++	unordered_map<string, string> extensionsRepos;
+ 	friend class DuckDB;
+ 
+ public:
+@@ -46,6 +47,16 @@ public:
+ 	DBConfig config;
+ 
+ public:
++	void SetPreferredRepository(const string& extension, const string &repository) {
++		extensionsRepos[extension] = repository;
++	}
++	string GetPreferredRepository(const string& extension) const {
++		auto it = extensionsRepos.find(extension);
++		if (it != extensionsRepos.end()) {
++			return it->second;
++		}
++		return "";
++	}
+ 	BufferPool &GetBufferPool() const;
+ 	DUCKDB_API SecretManager &GetSecretManager();
+ 	DUCKDB_API BufferManager &GetBufferManager();
+diff --git a/src/main/extension/extension_install.cpp b/src/main/extension/extension_install.cpp
+index b0ca9fb775..4774e26450 100644
+--- a/src/main/extension/extension_install.cpp
++++ b/src/main/extension/extension_install.cpp
+@@ -144,6 +144,9 @@ bool ExtensionHelper::CreateSuggestions(const string &extension_name, string &me
+ unique_ptr<ExtensionInstallInfo> ExtensionHelper::InstallExtension(DatabaseInstance &db, FileSystem &fs,
+                                                                    const string &extension,
+                                                                    ExtensionInstallOptions &options) {
++	if (options.repository) {
++		db.SetPreferredRepository(extension, options.repository->path);
++	}
+ #ifdef WASM_LOADABLE_EXTENSIONS
+ 	// Install is currently a no-op
+ 	return nullptr;
+@@ -154,11 +157,14 @@ unique_ptr<ExtensionInstallInfo> ExtensionHelper::InstallExtension(DatabaseInsta
+ 
+ unique_ptr<ExtensionInstallInfo> ExtensionHelper::InstallExtension(ClientContext &context, const string &extension,
+                                                                    ExtensionInstallOptions &options) {
++	auto &db = DatabaseInstance::GetDatabase(context);
++	if (options.repository) {
++		db.SetPreferredRepository(extension, options.repository->path);
++	}
+ #ifdef WASM_LOADABLE_EXTENSIONS
+ 	// Install is currently a no-op
+ 	return nullptr;
+ #endif
+-	auto &db = DatabaseInstance::GetDatabase(context);
+ 	auto &fs = FileSystem::GetFileSystem(context);
+ 	string local_path = ExtensionDirectory(context);
+ 	optional_ptr<HTTPLogger> http_logger =
+diff --git a/src/main/extension/extension_load.cpp b/src/main/extension/extension_load.cpp
+index c0a37ea97a..2916dc2611 100644
+--- a/src/main/extension/extension_load.cpp
++++ b/src/main/extension/extension_load.cpp
+@@ -301,7 +301,19 @@ bool ExtensionHelper::TryInitialLoad(DatabaseInstance &db, FileSystem &fs, const
+ 		direct_load = false;
+ 		string extension_name = ApplyExtensionAlias(extension);
+ #ifdef WASM_LOADABLE_EXTENSIONS
+-		string url_template = ExtensionUrlTemplate(&config, "");
++		ExtensionRepository repository;
++		string custom_endpoint = db.config.options.custom_extension_repo;
++		if (!custom_endpoint.empty()) {
++			repository = ExtensionRepository("custom", custom_endpoint);
++		}
++		{
++			auto preferredRepo = db.GetPreferredRepository(extension);
++			if (!preferredRepo.empty()) {
++				repository = ExtensionRepository("x", preferredRepo);
++			}
++		}
++
++		string url_template = ExtensionUrlTemplate(db, repository, "");
+ 		string url = ExtensionFinalizeUrlTemplate(url_template, extension_name);
+ 
+ 		char *str = (char *)EM_ASM_PTR(