A More Exact 48 kHz sample rate for I2S ADC

[frohro]

Hi @earlephilhower,
I have found a way to improve the sample rate from 48.046 kHz to 48.0000 kHz, and this is really important in my SDR application. It might be useful to others, and it involves modifying your I2S.cpp and I2S.h. The changes I made to I2S.cpp were:

void I2S::MCLKbegin() {
    int off = 0;
    _i2sMCLK = new PIOProgram(&pio_i2s_mclk_program);
    _i2sMCLK->prepare(&_pioMCLK, &_smMCLK, &off, _pinMCLK, 1); // not sure how to use the same PIO
    pio_i2s_MCLK_program_init(_pioMCLK, _smMCLK, off, _pinMCLK);
    // Use fractional divider for accurate MCLK: desired edges/sec = mult * fs * 2
    float mClkEdges = (float)_multMCLK * (float)_freq * 2.0f;
    pio_sm_set_clkdiv(_pioMCLK, _smMCLK, (float)clock_get_hz(clk_sys) / mClkEdges);
    pio_sm_set_enabled(_pioMCLK, _smMCLK, true);
}

// ...existing code...

and to I2S.h

    static const int I2SSYSCLK_8 = 230400;  // 8k, 16, 32, 48, 96, 192 kHz

I could have used 115200 for I2SSYSCLK_8, too.
I am using the PCM1808 ADC and measuring the frequency of LRCK and SCKI. SCKI should be 12.288 MHz, and I get 12.2879 MHz for it. It might create a bit more jitter, but I don't have the problem requiring me to discard samples regularly, which is probably worse.

I measured three more Chinese Pico clones. The other one was a real Pico W. For SCKI, the frequencies were 12.2885, 12.2886, and 12.2887 MHz, and the clones are all more than an order of magnitude better than the old result. The real Pico W is at least two orders of magnitude better, and its error is on the verge of not being measurable by my humble oscilloscope.

Do you see anything wrong with this?

Rob