diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 6a498714..048a7c40 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ dependencies = [
 
 [[package]]
 name = "egglog_python"
-version = "10.0.2"
+version = "11.0.0"
 dependencies = [
  "core-relations",
  "egglog",
diff --git a/docs/reference/contributing.md b/docs/reference/contributing.md
index 11556759..4fe5c2d0 100644
--- a/docs/reference/contributing.md
+++ b/docs/reference/contributing.md
@@ -77,6 +77,15 @@ make docs
 To debug the Rust parts of this project, follow the [PyO3 debugging guide](https://pyo3.rs/main/debugging.html#debugger-specific-setup).
 Debug symbols are turned on by default.
 
+### Performance
+
+[`py-spy`](https://github.com/benfred/py-spy) is installed as a development dependency and can be used to profile Python code.
+If there is a performance sensitive piece of code, you could isolate it in a file and profile it locally with:
+
+```bash
+uv run py-spy record  --format speedscope  --  python tmp.py
+```
+
 ### Making changes
 
 All changes that impact users should be documented in the `docs/changelog.md` file. Please also add tests for any new features
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index ac8c3894..1f8dcebc 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -274,3 +274,8 @@ exclude_also = [
 
 [tool.uv.workspace]
 members = ["egglog"]
+
+[dependency-groups]
+dev = [
+    "py-spy>=0.4.1",
+]
diff --git a/uv.lock b/uv.lock
index a5516e6c..e1de5ae7 100644
--- a/uv.lock
+++ b/uv.lock
@@ -765,6 +765,11 @@ test = [
     { name = "syrupy" },
 ]
 
+[package.dev-dependencies]
+dev = [
+    { name = "py-spy" },
+]
+
 [package.metadata]
 requires-dist = [
     { name = "ablog", marker = "extra == 'docs'" },
@@ -803,12 +808,15 @@ requires-dist = [
     { name = "typing-extensions" },
 ]
 
+[package.metadata.requires-dev]
+dev = [{ name = "py-spy", specifier = ">=0.4.1" }]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "exceptiongroup"
 version = "1.3.0"
 source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
 dependencies = [
-    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.13'" },
+    { name = "typing-extensions", marker = "python_full_version < '3.11'" },
 ]
 sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/0b/9f/a65090624ecf468cdca03533906e7c69ed7588582240cfe7cc9e770b50eb/exceptiongroup-1.3.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:b241f5885f560bc56a59ee63ca4c6a8bfa46ae4ad651af316d4e81817bb9fd88", size = 29749 }
 wheels = [
@@ -2494,6 +2502,21 @@ wheels = [
     { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e0/a9/023730ba63db1e494a271cb018dcd361bd2c917ba7004c3e49d5daf795a2/py_cpuinfo-9.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:859625bc251f64e21f077d099d4162689c762b5d6a4c3c97553d56241c9674d5", size = 22335 },
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "py-spy"
+version = "0.4.1"
+source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
+sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/19/e2/ff811a367028b87e86714945bb9ecb5c1cc69114a8039a67b3a862cef921/py_spy-0.4.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e53aa53daa2e47c2eef97dd2455b47bb3a7e7f962796a86cc3e7dbde8e6f4db4", size = 244726 }
+wheels = [
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/14/e3/3a32500d845bdd94f6a2b4ed6244982f42ec2bc64602ea8fcfe900678ae7/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-macosx_10_12_x86_64.macosx_11_0_arm64.macosx_10_12_universal2.whl", hash = "sha256:809094208c6256c8f4ccadd31e9a513fe2429253f48e20066879239ba12cd8cc", size = 3682508 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/4f/bf/e4d280e9e0bec71d39fc646654097027d4bbe8e04af18fb68e49afcff404/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-macosx_11_0_arm64.whl", hash = "sha256:1fb8bf71ab8df95a95cc387deed6552934c50feef2cf6456bc06692a5508fd0c", size = 1796395 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/df/79/9ed50bb0a9de63ed023aa2db8b6265b04a7760d98c61eb54def6a5fddb68/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:ee776b9d512a011d1ad3907ed53ae32ce2f3d9ff3e1782236554e22103b5c084", size = 2034938 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/53/a5/36862e3eea59f729dfb70ee6f9e14b051d8ddce1aa7e70e0b81d9fe18536/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-manylinux_2_17_armv7l.manylinux2014_armv7l.whl", hash = "sha256:532d3525538254d1859b49de1fbe9744df6b8865657c9f0e444bf36ce3f19226", size = 2658968 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/08/f8/9ea0b586b065a623f591e5e7961282ec944b5fbbdca33186c7c0296645b3/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:4972c21890b6814017e39ac233c22572c4a61fd874524ebc5ccab0f2237aee0a", size = 2147541 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/68/fb/bc7f639aed026bca6e7beb1e33f6951e16b7d315594e7635a4f7d21d63f4/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:6a80ec05eb8a6883863a367c6a4d4f2d57de68466f7956b6367d4edd5c61bb29", size = 2763338 },
+    { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e1/da/fcc9a9fcd4ca946ff402cff20348e838b051d69f50f5d1f5dca4cd3c5eb8/py_spy-0.4.1-py2.py3-none-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:d92e522bd40e9bf7d87c204033ce5bb5c828fca45fa28d970f58d71128069fdc", size = 1818784 },
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "pycparser"
 version = "2.22"