Delay automaton creation in BinaryDvConfirmedQuery to avoid OOM on queries against WildCard fields (#136086)

iverase · web-flow · commit 090c1034028b · 2025-10-08T08:43:56.000+02:00
diff --git a/docs/changelog/136086.yaml b/docs/changelog/136086.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pr: 136086
+summary: Delay automaton creation in `BinaryDvConfirmedQuery` to avoid OOM on queries
+  against `WildCard` fields
+area: Search
+type: bug
+issues: []
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/wildcard/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/wildcard/mapper/BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.java b/x-pack/plugin/wildcard/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/wildcard/mapper/BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.java
@@ -10,21 +10,28 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.index.BinaryDocValues;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.DocValues;
 import org.apache.lucene.index.LeafReaderContext;
+import org.apache.lucene.index.Term;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ConstantScoreScorer;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ConstantScoreWeight;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.DocIdSetIterator;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.FuzzyQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.IndexSearcher;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.QueryVisitor;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ScoreMode;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Scorer;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.ScorerSupplier;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.TermRangeQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.TwoPhaseIterator;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Weight;
+import org.apache.lucene.search.WildcardQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.Automaton;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.ByteRunAutomaton;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.Operations;
+import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.RegExp;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.ByteArrayStreamInput;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.AutomatonQueries;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
 import java.util.Arrays;
@@ -46,15 +53,65 @@ private BinaryDvConfirmedQuery(Query approximation, String field) {
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a query that runs the provided Automaton across all binary doc values (but only for docs that also
-     * match a provided approximation query which is key to getting good performance).
+     * Returns a query that runs the generated Automaton from a range query across
+     * all binary doc values (but only for docs that also match a provided approximation query which is key
+     * to getting good performance).
      */
-    public static Query fromAutomaton(Query approximation, String field, String matchPattern, Automaton automaton) {
-        return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(approximation, field, matchPattern, automaton);
+    public static Query fromRangeQuery(
+        Query approximation,
+        String field,
+        BytesRef lower,
+        BytesRef upper,
+        boolean includeLower,
+        boolean includeUpper
+    ) {
+        return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(
+            approximation,
+            field,
+            new RangeAutomatonProvider(lower, upper, includeLower, includeUpper)
+        );
     }
 
     /**
-     * Returns a query that checks for equality of at leat one of the provided terms across
+     * Returns a query that runs the generated Automaton from a wildcard query across
+     * all binary doc values (but only for docs that also match a provided approximation query which is key
+     * to getting good performance).
+     */
+    public static Query fromWildcardQuery(Query approximation, String field, String matchPattern, boolean caseInsensitive) {
+        return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(approximation, field, new PatternAutomatonProvider(matchPattern, caseInsensitive));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a query that runs the generated Automaton from a regexp query across
+     * all binary doc values (but only for docs that also match a provided approximation query which is key
+     * to getting good performance).
+     */
+    public static Query fromRegexpQuery(
+        Query approximation,
+        String field,
+        String value,
+        int syntaxFlags,
+        int matchFlags,
+        int maxDeterminizedStates
+    ) {
+        return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(
+            approximation,
+            field,
+            new RegexAutomatonProvider(value, syntaxFlags, matchFlags, maxDeterminizedStates)
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a query that runs the generated Automaton from a fuzzy query across
+     * all binary doc values (but only for docs that also match a provided approximation query which is key
+     * to getting good performance).
+     */
+    public static Query fromFuzzyQuery(Query approximation, String field, String searchTerm, FuzzyQuery fuzzyQuery) {
+        return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(approximation, field, new FuzzyQueryAutomatonProvider(searchTerm, fuzzyQuery));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a query that checks for equality of at least one of the provided terms across
      * all binary doc values (but only for docs that also match a provided approximation query which
      * is key to getting good performance).
      */
@@ -63,7 +120,7 @@ public static Query fromTerms(Query approximation, String field, BytesRef... ter
         return new BinaryDvConfirmedTermsQuery(approximation, field, terms);
     }
 
-    protected abstract boolean matchesBinaryDV(ByteArrayStreamInput bytes, BytesRef bytesRef, BytesRef scratch) throws IOException;
+    protected abstract BinaryDVMatcher getBinaryDVMatcher();
 
     protected abstract Query rewrite(Query approxRewrite) throws IOException;
 
@@ -79,7 +136,7 @@ public Query rewrite(IndexSearcher searcher) throws IOException {
     @Override
     public Weight createWeight(IndexSearcher searcher, ScoreMode scoreMode, float boost) throws IOException {
         final Weight approxWeight = approxQuery.createWeight(searcher, scoreMode, boost);
-
+        final BinaryDVMatcher matcher = getBinaryDVMatcher();
         return new ConstantScoreWeight(this, boost) {
 
             @Override
@@ -106,7 +163,7 @@ public boolean matches() throws IOException {
                                 }
                                 final BytesRef bytesRef = values.binaryValue();
                                 bytes.reset(bytesRef.bytes, bytesRef.offset, bytesRef.length);
-                                return matchesBinaryDV(bytes, bytesRef, scratch);
+                                return matcher.matchesBinaryDV(bytes, bytesRef, scratch);
                             }
 
                             @Override
@@ -157,55 +214,56 @@ public void visit(QueryVisitor visitor) {
         }
     }
 
-    private static class BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery extends BinaryDvConfirmedQuery {
+    interface BinaryDVMatcher {
+        boolean matchesBinaryDV(ByteArrayStreamInput bytes, BytesRef bytesRef, BytesRef scratch) throws IOException;
+    }
 
-        private final ByteRunAutomaton byteRunAutomaton;
-        private final String matchPattern;
+    private static class BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery extends BinaryDvConfirmedQuery {
 
-        private BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(Query approximation, String field, String matchPattern, Automaton automaton) {
-            this(approximation, field, matchPattern, new ByteRunAutomaton(automaton));
-        }
+        private final AutomatonProvider automatonProvider;
 
-        private BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(Query approximation, String field, String matchPattern, ByteRunAutomaton byteRunAutomaton) {
+        private BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(Query approximation, String field, AutomatonProvider automatonProvider) {
             super(approximation, field);
-            this.matchPattern = matchPattern;
-            this.byteRunAutomaton = byteRunAutomaton;
+            this.automatonProvider = automatonProvider;
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected boolean matchesBinaryDV(ByteArrayStreamInput bytes, BytesRef bytesRef, BytesRef scratch) throws IOException {
-            int size = bytes.readVInt();
-            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                int valLength = bytes.readVInt();
-                if (byteRunAutomaton.run(bytesRef.bytes, bytes.getPosition(), valLength)) {
-                    return true;
+        protected BinaryDVMatcher getBinaryDVMatcher() {
+            final ByteRunAutomaton byteRunAutomaton = new ByteRunAutomaton(automatonProvider.getAutomaton(field));
+            return (bytes, bytesRef, scratch) -> {
+                final int size = bytes.readVInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                    final int valLength = bytes.readVInt();
+                    if (byteRunAutomaton.run(bytesRef.bytes, bytes.getPosition(), valLength)) {
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    bytes.skipBytes(valLength);
                 }
-                bytes.skipBytes(valLength);
-            }
-            return false;
+                return false;
+            };
         }
 
         @Override
         protected Query rewrite(Query approxRewrite) {
-            return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(approxRewrite, field, matchPattern, byteRunAutomaton);
+            return new BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery(approxRewrite, field, automatonProvider);
         }
 
         @Override
         public String toString(String field) {
-            return field + ":" + matchPattern;
+            return field + ":" + automatonProvider.toString();
         }
 
         @Override
         public boolean equals(Object o) {
             if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
             if (super.equals(o) == false) return false;
             BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery other = (BinaryDvConfirmedAutomatonQuery) o;
-            return Objects.equals(byteRunAutomaton, other.byteRunAutomaton) && Objects.equals(matchPattern, other.matchPattern);
+            return Objects.equals(automatonProvider, other.automatonProvider);
         }
 
         @Override
         public int hashCode() {
-            return Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), matchPattern, byteRunAutomaton);
+            return Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), automatonProvider);
         }
     }
 
@@ -220,28 +278,31 @@ private BinaryDvConfirmedTermsQuery(Query approximation, String field, BytesRef[
         }
 
         @Override
-        protected boolean matchesBinaryDV(ByteArrayStreamInput bytes, BytesRef bytesRef, BytesRef scratch) throws IOException {
-            scratch.bytes = bytesRef.bytes;
-            final int size = bytes.readVInt();
-            for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-                final int valLength = bytes.readVInt();
-                scratch.offset = bytes.getPosition();
-                scratch.length = valLength;
-                if (terms.length == 1) {
-                    if (terms[0].bytesEquals(scratch)) {
-                        return true;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    final int pos = Arrays.binarySearch(terms, scratch, BytesRef::compareTo);
-                    if (pos >= 0) {
-                        assert terms[pos].bytesEquals(scratch) : "Expected term at position " + pos + " to match scratch, but it did not.";
-                        return true;
+        protected BinaryDVMatcher getBinaryDVMatcher() {
+            return (bytes, bytesRef, scratch) -> {
+                scratch.bytes = bytesRef.bytes;
+                final int size = bytes.readVInt();
+                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+                    final int valLength = bytes.readVInt();
+                    scratch.offset = bytes.getPosition();
+                    scratch.length = valLength;
+                    if (terms.length == 1) {
+                        if (terms[0].bytesEquals(scratch)) {
+                            return true;
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        final int pos = Arrays.binarySearch(terms, scratch, BytesRef::compareTo);
+                        if (pos >= 0) {
+                            assert terms[pos].bytesEquals(scratch)
+                                : "Expected term at position " + pos + " to match scratch, but it did not.";
+                            return true;
+                        }
                     }
+                    bytes.skipBytes(valLength);
                 }
-                bytes.skipBytes(valLength);
-            }
-            assert bytes.available() == 0 : "Expected no bytes left to read, but found " + bytes.available();
-            return false;
+                assert bytes.available() == 0 : "Expected no bytes left to read, but found " + bytes.available();
+                return false;
+            };
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -275,4 +336,43 @@ public int hashCode() {
             return Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), Arrays.hashCode(terms));
         }
     }
+
+    private interface AutomatonProvider {
+        Automaton getAutomaton(String field);
+    }
+
+    private record PatternAutomatonProvider(String matchPattern, boolean caseInsensitive) implements AutomatonProvider {
+        @Override
+        public Automaton getAutomaton(String field) {
+            return caseInsensitive
+                ? AutomatonQueries.toCaseInsensitiveWildcardAutomaton(new Term(field, matchPattern))
+                : WildcardQuery.toAutomaton(new Term(field, matchPattern), Operations.DEFAULT_DETERMINIZE_WORK_LIMIT);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private record RegexAutomatonProvider(String value, int syntaxFlags, int matchFlags, int maxDeterminizedStates)
+        implements
+            AutomatonProvider {
+        @Override
+        public Automaton getAutomaton(String field) {
+            RegExp regex = new RegExp(value, syntaxFlags, matchFlags);
+            return Operations.determinize(regex.toAutomaton(), maxDeterminizedStates);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private record RangeAutomatonProvider(BytesRef lower, BytesRef upper, boolean includeLower, boolean includeUpper)
+        implements
+            AutomatonProvider {
+        @Override
+        public Automaton getAutomaton(String field) {
+            return TermRangeQuery.toAutomaton(lower, upper, includeLower, includeUpper);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private record FuzzyQueryAutomatonProvider(String searchTerm, FuzzyQuery fuzzyQuery) implements AutomatonProvider {
+        @Override
+        public Automaton getAutomaton(String field) {
+            return fuzzyQuery.getAutomata().automaton;
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/wildcard/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/wildcard/mapper/WildcardFieldMapper.java b/x-pack/plugin/wildcard/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/wildcard/mapper/WildcardFieldMapper.java
@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@
 import org.apache.lucene.search.Query;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.TermInSetQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.TermQuery;
-import org.apache.lucene.search.TermRangeQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.search.WildcardQuery;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.BytesRef;
 import org.apache.lucene.util.automaton.Automaton;
@@ -47,7 +46,6 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.common.io.stream.ByteArrayStreamInput;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.BytesRefs;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.Lucene;
-import org.elasticsearch.common.lucene.search.AutomatonQueries;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.time.DateMathParser;
 import org.elasticsearch.common.unit.Fuzziness;
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Nullable;
@@ -314,15 +312,12 @@ public Query wildcardQuery(String wildcardPattern, RewriteMethod method, boolean
                 // We have no concrete characters and we're not a pure length query e.g. ???
                 return new FieldExistsQuery(name());
             }
-            Automaton automaton = caseInsensitive
-                ? AutomatonQueries.toCaseInsensitiveWildcardAutomaton(new Term(name(), wildcardPattern))
-                : WildcardQuery.toAutomaton(new Term(name(), wildcardPattern), Operations.DEFAULT_DETERMINIZE_WORK_LIMIT);
             if (numClauses > 0) {
                 // We can accelerate execution with the ngram query
                 BooleanQuery approxQuery = rewritten.build();
-                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(approxQuery, name(), wildcardPattern, automaton);
+                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromWildcardQuery(approxQuery, name(), wildcardPattern, caseInsensitive);
             } else {
-                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), name(), wildcardPattern, automaton);
+                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromWildcardQuery(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), name(), wildcardPattern, caseInsensitive);
             }
         }
 
@@ -417,11 +412,8 @@ public Query regexpQuery(
             Query approxBooleanQuery = toApproximationQuery(ngramRegex);
             Query approxNgramQuery = rewriteBoolToNgramQuery(approxBooleanQuery);
 
-            RegExp regex = new RegExp(value, syntaxFlags, matchFlags);
-            Automaton automaton = Operations.determinize(regex.toAutomaton(), maxDeterminizedStates);
-
             // We can accelerate execution with the ngram query
-            return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(approxNgramQuery, name(), value, automaton);
+            return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromRegexpQuery(approxNgramQuery, name(), value, syntaxFlags, matchFlags, maxDeterminizedStates);
         }
 
         // Convert a regular expression to a simplified query consisting of BooleanQuery and TermQuery objects
@@ -750,12 +742,11 @@ public Query rangeQuery(
                     }
                 }
             }
-            Automaton automaton = TermRangeQuery.toAutomaton(lower, upper, includeLower, includeUpper);
 
             if (accelerationQuery == null) {
-                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), name(), lower + "-" + upper, automaton);
+                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromRangeQuery(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), name(), lower, upper, includeLower, includeUpper);
             }
-            return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(accelerationQuery, name(), lower + "-" + upper, automaton);
+            return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromRangeQuery(accelerationQuery, name(), lower, upper, includeLower, includeUpper);
         }
 
         @Override
@@ -844,10 +835,9 @@ public Query fuzzyQuery(
                         rewriteMethod
                     );
                 if (ngramQ.clauses().size() == 0) {
-                    return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), name(), searchTerm, fq.getAutomata().automaton);
+                    return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromFuzzyQuery(new MatchAllDocsQuery(), name(), searchTerm, fq);
                 }
-
-                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromAutomaton(ngramQ, name(), searchTerm, fq.getAutomata().automaton);
+                return BinaryDvConfirmedQuery.fromFuzzyQuery(ngramQ, name(), searchTerm, fq);
             } catch (IOException ioe) {
                 throw new ElasticsearchParseException("Error parsing wildcard field fuzzy string [" + searchTerm + "]");
             }
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/wildcard/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/wildcard/mapper/WildcardFieldMapperTests.java b/x-pack/plugin/wildcard/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/wildcard/mapper/WildcardFieldMapperTests.java
