[DOCS] Update links for new docs URLs that are hardcoded and emitted by Elasticsearch

[leemthompo]

Pursuant to #123928 created by @DaveCTurner:

• Update the all the links in server/src/main/resources/org/elasticsearch/common/reference-docs-links.txt to reflect the new URL paths for those pages post-docs migration.
• Update the base URL from the old https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/elasticsearch/reference/${MAJOR}.${MINOR}/ once the new base URL is confirmed

These links are emitted by Elasticsearch in various ways (typically logs and error responses) and need to be valid permalinks.

Warning

The @UpdateForV9 marker essentially makes this a blocker for the 9.0 release.

[elasticsearchmachine]

Pinging @elastic/es-docs (Team:Docs)