diff --git a/docs/changelog/125595.yaml b/docs/changelog/125595.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..2a3f4c61c07b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/125595.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pr: 125595
+summary: Esql - Fix lucene push down behavior when a range contains nanos and millis
+area: ES|QL
+type: bug
+issues: []
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/date_nanos.csv-spec b/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/date_nanos.csv-spec
index b9d21d3b2856d..6ca3fb75f22b5 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/date_nanos.csv-spec
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/date_nanos.csv-spec
@@ -1753,3 +1753,110 @@ nanos:date_nanos
 2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847Z
 2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847Z
 ;
+
+Range Without Included Endpoints
+required_capability: to_date_nanos
+required_capability: fix_date_nanos_lucene_pushdown_bug
+
+FROM date_nanos
+| WHERE millis > "2020-01-01"
+| WHERE nanos > to_datenanos("2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847") AND nanos < to_datenanos("2023-10-23T13:53:55.832987654Z")
+| KEEP nanos;
+ignoreOrder:true
+warningRegex:Line 3:67: evaluation of \[nanos < to_datenanos\(\\\"2023-10-23T13:53:55\.832987654Z\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:67: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: evaluation of \[nanos > to_datenanos\(\\\"2023-10-23T12:15:03\.360103847\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+
+nanos:date_nanos
+2023-10-23T13:52:55.015787878Z
+2023-10-23T13:51:54.732102837Z
+2023-10-23T13:33:34.937193000Z
+2023-10-23T12:27:28.948000000Z
+;
+
+Range Without Included Endpoints with implicit casting
+required_capability: to_date_nanos
+required_capability: fix_date_nanos_lucene_pushdown_bug
+
+FROM date_nanos
+| WHERE millis > "2020-01-01"
+| WHERE nanos > "2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847" AND nanos < "2023-10-23T13:53:55.832987654Z"
+| KEEP nanos;
+ignoreOrder:true
+warningRegex:Line 3:53: evaluation of \[nanos < \\\"2023-10-23T13:53:55\.832987654Z\\\"\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:53: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: evaluation of \[nanos > \\\"2023-10-23T12:15:03\.360103847\\\"\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+
+nanos:date_nanos
+2023-10-23T13:52:55.015787878Z
+2023-10-23T13:51:54.732102837Z
+2023-10-23T13:33:34.937193000Z
+2023-10-23T12:27:28.948000000Z
+;
+
+Range With Now date math
+required_capability: to_date_nanos
+required_capability: fix_date_nanos_lucene_pushdown_bug
+
+FROM date_nanos
+| WHERE millis > "2020-01-01"
+| WHERE nanos > TO_DATETIME("2023-10-23T12:27:28.948") AND nanos < now() - 1d
+| KEEP nanos;
+ignoreOrder:true
+warningRegex:Line 3:60: evaluation of \[nanos < now\(\) - 1d\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:60: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: evaluation of \[nanos > TO_DATETIME\(\\\"2023-10-23T12:27:28\.948\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+
+nanos:date_nanos
+2023-10-23T13:55:01.543123456Z
+2023-10-23T13:53:55.832987654Z
+2023-10-23T13:52:55.015787878Z
+2023-10-23T13:51:54.732102837Z
+2023-10-23T13:33:34.937193000Z
+;
+
+Mixed Nanos Millis Range Compare
+required_capability: to_date_nanos
+required_capability: fix_date_nanos_lucene_pushdown_bug
+required_capability:  fix_date_nanos_mixed_range_pushdown_bug
+
+FROM date_nanos
+| WHERE millis > "2020-01-01"
+| WHERE nanos > to_datenanos("2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847") AND nanos < to_datetime("2023-10-23T13:53:55.832")
+| KEEP nanos;
+ignoreOrder:true
+warningRegex:Line 3:67: evaluation of \[nanos < to_datetime\(\\\"2023-10-23T13:53:55\.832\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:67: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: evaluation of \[nanos > to_datenanos\(\\\"2023-10-23T12:15:03\.360103847\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+
+nanos:date_nanos
+2023-10-23T13:52:55.015787878Z
+2023-10-23T13:51:54.732102837Z
+2023-10-23T13:33:34.937193000Z
+2023-10-23T12:27:28.948000000Z
+;
+
+Mixed Nanos Millis Range Compare, millis field
+required_capability: to_date_nanos
+required_capability: fix_date_nanos_lucene_pushdown_bug
+required_capability:  fix_date_nanos_mixed_range_pushdown_bug
+
+FROM date_nanos
+| WHERE millis > to_datenanos("2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847") AND millis < to_datetime("2023-10-23T13:53:55.832")
+| KEEP nanos;
+ignoreOrder:true
+warningRegex:Line 3:67: evaluation of \[nanos < to_datetime\(\\\"2023-10-23T13:53:55\.832Z\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:67: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: evaluation of \[nanos > to_datenanos\(\\\"2023-10-23T12:15:03\.360103847\\\"\)\] failed, treating result as null\. Only first 20 failures recorded\.
+warningRegex:Line 3:9: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: single-value function encountered multi-value
+
+nanos:date_nanos
+2023-10-23T13:52:55.015787878Z
+2023-10-23T13:51:54.732102837Z
+2023-10-23T13:33:34.937193000Z
+2023-10-23T12:27:28.948000000Z
+;
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java
index 28df0a65d58b8..a654961879a61 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java
@@ -402,6 +402,11 @@ public enum Cap {
          * Indicates that https://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/125439 (incorrect lucene push down for date nanos) is fixed
          */
         FIX_DATE_NANOS_LUCENE_PUSHDOWN_BUG(),
+        /**
+         * Fixes a bug where dates are incorrectly formatted if a where clause compares nanoseconds to both milliseconds and nanoseconds,
+         * e.g. {@code WHERE millis > to_datenanos("2023-10-23T12:15:03.360103847") AND millis < to_datetime("2023-10-23T13:53:55.832")}
+         */
+        FIX_DATE_NANOS_MIXED_RANGE_PUSHDOWN_BUG(),
         /**
          * DATE_PARSE supports reading timezones
          */
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/expression/predicate/Range.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/expression/predicate/Range.java
index 4f9776f40d940..fd03165617ab6 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/expression/predicate/Range.java
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/expression/predicate/Range.java
@@ -33,7 +33,6 @@
 
 import static java.util.Arrays.asList;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.expression.Foldables.valueOf;
-import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.type.DataType.DATETIME;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.type.DataType.DATE_NANOS;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.type.DataType.IP;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.type.DataType.UNSIGNED_LONG;
@@ -42,9 +41,8 @@
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.core.util.NumericUtils.unsignedLongAsNumber;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.DEFAULT_DATE_NANOS_FORMATTER;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMATTER;
-import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.dateTimeToString;
+import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.dateWithTypeToString;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.ipToString;
-import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.nanoTimeToString;
 import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.type.EsqlDataTypeConverter.versionToString;
 
 // BETWEEN or range - is a mix of gt(e) AND lt(e)
@@ -217,16 +215,23 @@ private RangeQuery translate(TranslatorHandler handler) {
         String format = null;
 
         DataType dataType = value.dataType();
-        logger.trace("Translating Range into lucene query.  dataType is [{}] upper is [{}]  lower is [{}]", dataType, lower, upper);
-        if (dataType == DataType.DATETIME && lower.dataType() == DATETIME && upper.dataType() == DATETIME) {
-            l = dateTimeToString((Long) l);
-            u = dateTimeToString((Long) u);
+        logger.warn(
+            "Translating Range into lucene query.  dataType is [{}] upper is [{}<{}>]  lower is [{}<{}>]",
+            dataType,
+            lower,
+            lower.dataType(),
+            upper,
+            upper.dataType()
+        );
+        if (dataType == DataType.DATETIME) {
+            l = dateWithTypeToString((Long) l, lower.dataType());
+            u = dateWithTypeToString((Long) u, upper.dataType());
             format = DEFAULT_DATE_TIME_FORMATTER.pattern();
         }
 
-        if (dataType == DATE_NANOS && lower.dataType() == DATE_NANOS && upper.dataType() == DATE_NANOS) {
-            l = nanoTimeToString((Long) l);
-            u = nanoTimeToString((Long) u);
+        if (dataType == DATE_NANOS) {
+            l = dateWithTypeToString((Long) l, lower.dataType());
+            u = dateWithTypeToString((Long) u, upper.dataType());
             format = DEFAULT_DATE_NANOS_FORMATTER.pattern();
         }
 
@@ -258,6 +263,7 @@ private RangeQuery translate(TranslatorHandler handler) {
                 u = unsignedLongAsNumber(ul);
             }
         }
+        logger.warn("Building range query with format string [{}]", format);
         return new RangeQuery(source(), handler.nameOf(value), l, includeLower(), u, includeUpper(), format, zoneId);
     }