diff --git a/docs/changelog/126372.yaml b/docs/changelog/126372.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..75345296d8392
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/126372.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+pr: 126372
+summary: Add `IndexingPressureMonitor` to monitor large indexing operations
+area: CRUD
+type: enhancement
+issues: []
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressure.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressure.java
index 491fb425964e7..3976e8640a2bb 100644
--- a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressure.java
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressure.java
@@ -19,11 +19,13 @@
 import org.elasticsearch.core.Releasable;
 import org.elasticsearch.index.stats.IndexingPressureStats;
 
+import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicBoolean;
 import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong;
 
-public class IndexingPressure {
+public class IndexingPressure implements IndexingPressureMonitor {
 
     public static final Setting<ByteSizeValue> MAX_INDEXING_BYTES = Setting.memorySizeSetting(
         "indexing_pressure.memory.limit",
@@ -127,6 +129,8 @@ public class IndexingPressure {
     private final long replicaLimit;
     private final long operationLimit;
 
+    private final List<IndexingPressureListener> listeners = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
+
     public IndexingPressure(Settings settings) {
         this.lowWatermark = SPLIT_BULK_LOW_WATERMARK.get(settings).getBytes();
         this.lowWatermarkSize = SPLIT_BULK_LOW_WATERMARK_SIZE.get(settings).getBytes();
@@ -339,12 +343,14 @@ void checkLargestPrimaryOperationIsWithinLimits(
         long largestOperationSizeInBytes,
         boolean allowsOperationsBeyondSizeLimit
     ) {
+        listeners.forEach(l -> l.onPrimaryOperationTracked(largestOperationSizeInBytes));
         if (largestOperationSizeInBytes > operationLimit) {
             this.largeOpsRejections.getAndIncrement();
             this.totalRejectedLargeOpsBytes.addAndGet(largestOperationSizeInBytes);
             if (allowsOperationsBeyondSizeLimit == false) {
                 this.primaryRejections.getAndIncrement();
                 this.primaryDocumentRejections.addAndGet(operations);
+                listeners.forEach(l -> l.onLargeIndexingOperationRejection(largestOperationSizeInBytes));
                 throw new EsRejectedExecutionException(
                     "Request contains an operation of size ["
                         + largestOperationSizeInBytes
@@ -489,4 +495,14 @@ public IndexingPressureStats stats() {
             totalRejectedLargeOpsBytes.get()
         );
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public long getMaxAllowedOperationSizeInBytes() {
+        return operationLimit;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void addListener(IndexingPressureListener listener) {
+        listeners.add(listener);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressureMonitor.java b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressureMonitor.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d6979d35a0247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/index/IndexingPressureMonitor.java
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.index;
+
+/**
+ * Monitors indexing pressure events within the system and tracks operation sizes.
+ * This interface provides mechanisms to check maximum allowed operation sizes
+ * and register listeners for indexing pressure events.
+ */
+public interface IndexingPressureMonitor {
+    /**
+     * Returns the maximum allowed size in bytes for any single indexing operation.
+     * Operations exceeding this limit may be rejected.
+     *
+     * @return the maximum allowed operation size in bytes
+     */
+    long getMaxAllowedOperationSizeInBytes();
+
+    /**
+     * Registers a listener to be notified of indexing pressure events.
+     * The listener will receive callbacks when operations are tracked or rejected.
+     *
+     * @param listener the listener to register for indexing pressure events
+     */
+    void addListener(IndexingPressureListener listener);
+
+    /**
+     * Listener interface for receiving notifications about indexing pressure events.
+     * Implementations can respond to tracking of primary operations and rejections
+     * of large indexing operations.
+     */
+    interface IndexingPressureListener {
+        /**
+         * Called when a primary indexing operation is tracked.
+         * The implementation should be really lightweight as this is called in a hot path.
+         *
+         * @param largestOperationSizeInBytes the size in bytes of the largest operation tracked
+         */
+        void onPrimaryOperationTracked(long largestOperationSizeInBytes);
+
+        /**
+         * Called when a large indexing operation is rejected due to exceeding size limits.
+         * The implementation should be really lightweight as this is called in a hot path.
+         *
+         * @param largestOperationSizeInBytes the size in bytes of the rejected operation
+         */
+        void onLargeIndexingOperationRejection(long largestOperationSizeInBytes);
+    }
+}