diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/plugin/IndexResolutionIT.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/plugin/IndexResolutionIT.java
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6d9d086718918
--- /dev/null
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/internalClusterTest/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/plugin/IndexResolutionIT.java
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the Elastic License
+ * 2.0; you may not use this file except in compliance with the Elastic License
+ * 2.0.
+ */
+
+package org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.plugin;
+
+import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.template.put.TransportPutComposableIndexTemplateAction;
+import org.elasticsearch.action.datastreams.CreateDataStreamAction;
+import org.elasticsearch.cluster.block.ClusterBlockException;
+import org.elasticsearch.cluster.metadata.ComposableIndexTemplate;
+import org.elasticsearch.common.util.CollectionUtils;
+import org.elasticsearch.datastreams.DataStreamsPlugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.index.IndexNotFoundException;
+import org.elasticsearch.plugins.Plugin;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.VerificationException;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.action.AbstractEsqlIntegTestCase;
+import org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.action.EsqlQueryResponse;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+
+import static org.elasticsearch.test.hamcrest.ElasticsearchAssertions.assertAcked;
+import static org.elasticsearch.xpack.esql.action.EsqlQueryRequest.syncEsqlQueryRequest;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
+
+public class IndexResolutionIT extends AbstractEsqlIntegTestCase {
+
+    @Override
+    protected Collection<Class<? extends Plugin>> nodePlugins() {
+        return CollectionUtils.appendToCopy(super.nodePlugins(), DataStreamsPlugin.class);
+    }
+
+    public void testResolvesConcreteIndex() {
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-1"));
+        indexRandom(true, "index-1", 10);
+
+        try (var response = run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM index-1"))) {
+            assertOk(response);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testResolvesAlias() {
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-1"));
+        indexRandom(true, "index-1", 10);
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareAliases(TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT).addAlias("index-1", "alias-1"));
+
+        try (var response = run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM alias-1"))) {
+            assertOk(response);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testResolvesDataStream() {
+        assertAcked(
+            client().execute(
+                TransportPutComposableIndexTemplateAction.TYPE,
+                new TransportPutComposableIndexTemplateAction.Request("data-stream-1-template").indexTemplate(
+                    ComposableIndexTemplate.builder()
+                        .indexPatterns(List.of("data-stream-1*"))
+                        .dataStreamTemplate(new ComposableIndexTemplate.DataStreamTemplate())
+                        .build()
+                )
+            )
+        );
+        assertAcked(
+            client().execute(
+                CreateDataStreamAction.INSTANCE,
+                new CreateDataStreamAction.Request(TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, TEST_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, "data-stream-1")
+            )
+        );
+
+        try (var response = run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM data-stream-1"))) {
+            assertOk(response);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testResolvesPattern() {
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-1"));
+        indexRandom(true, "index-1", 10);
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-2"));
+        indexRandom(true, "index-2", 10);
+
+        try (var response = run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM index-*"))) {
+            assertOk(response);
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testDoesNotResolveMissingIndex() {
+        expectThrows(
+            VerificationException.class,
+            containsString("Unknown index [no-such-index]"),
+            () -> run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM no-such-index"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void testDoesNotResolveEmptyPattern() {
+        expectThrows(
+            VerificationException.class,
+            containsString("Unknown index [index-*]"),
+            () -> run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM index-*"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void testDoesNotResolveClosedIndex() {
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-1"));
+        indexRandom(true, "index-1", 10);
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareClose("index-1"));
+
+        expectThrows(
+            ClusterBlockException.class,
+            containsString("index [index-1] blocked by: [FORBIDDEN/4/index closed]"),
+            () -> run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM index-1"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    public void testPartialResolution() {
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-1"));
+        assertAcked(client().admin().indices().prepareCreate("index-2"));
+        indexRandom(true, "index-2", 10);
+
+        try (var response = run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM index-1,nonexisting"))) {
+            assertOk(response);
+        }
+        expectThrows(
+            IndexNotFoundException.class,
+            equalTo("no such index [nonexisting]"),
+            () -> run(syncEsqlQueryRequest().query("FROM index-2,nonexisting"))
+        );
+    }
+
+    private static void assertOk(EsqlQueryResponse response) {
+        assertThat(response.isPartial(), equalTo(false));
+    }
+}