diff --git a/docs/changelog/136444.yaml b/docs/changelog/136444.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..21c6ea9416fa1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/changelog/136444.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+pr: 136444
+summary: Create new block when filter `OrdinalBytesRefBlock`
+area: ES|QL
+type: bug
+issues:
+ - 136423
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefBlock.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefBlock.java
index efdabb0e2883d..b726300664b58 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefBlock.java
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefBlock.java
@@ -91,41 +91,33 @@ public OrdinalBytesRefBlock asOrdinals() {
 
     @Override
     public BytesRefBlock filter(int... positions) {
-        if (positions.length * ordinals.getTotalValueCount() >= bytes.getPositionCount() * ordinals.getPositionCount()) {
-            OrdinalBytesRefBlock result = null;
-            IntBlock filteredOrdinals = ordinals.filter(positions);
-            try {
-                result = new OrdinalBytesRefBlock(filteredOrdinals, bytes);
-                bytes.incRef();
-            } finally {
-                if (result == null) {
-                    filteredOrdinals.close();
+        // Do not build a filtered block using the same dictionary, because dictionary entries that are not referenced
+        // may reappear when hashing the dictionary in BlockHash.
+        // TODO: merge this BytesRefArrayBlock#filter
+        final OrdinalBytesRefVector vector = asVector();
+        if (vector != null) {
+            return vector.filter(positions).asBlock();
+        }
+        BytesRef scratch = new BytesRef();
+        try (BytesRefBlock.Builder builder = blockFactory().newBytesRefBlockBuilder(positions.length)) {
+            for (int pos : positions) {
+                if (isNull(pos)) {
+                    builder.appendNull();
+                    continue;
                 }
-            }
-            return result;
-        } else {
-            // TODO: merge this BytesRefArrayBlock#filter
-            BytesRef scratch = new BytesRef();
-            try (BytesRefBlock.Builder builder = blockFactory().newBytesRefBlockBuilder(positions.length)) {
-                for (int pos : positions) {
-                    if (isNull(pos)) {
-                        builder.appendNull();
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    int valueCount = getValueCount(pos);
-                    int first = getFirstValueIndex(pos);
-                    if (valueCount == 1) {
-                        builder.appendBytesRef(getBytesRef(getFirstValueIndex(pos), scratch));
-                    } else {
-                        builder.beginPositionEntry();
-                        for (int c = 0; c < valueCount; c++) {
-                            builder.appendBytesRef(getBytesRef(first + c, scratch));
-                        }
-                        builder.endPositionEntry();
+                int valueCount = getValueCount(pos);
+                int first = getFirstValueIndex(pos);
+                if (valueCount == 1) {
+                    builder.appendBytesRef(getBytesRef(getFirstValueIndex(pos), scratch));
+                } else {
+                    builder.beginPositionEntry();
+                    for (int c = 0; c < valueCount; c++) {
+                        builder.appendBytesRef(getBytesRef(first + c, scratch));
                     }
+                    builder.endPositionEntry();
                 }
-                return builder.mvOrdering(mvOrdering()).build();
             }
+            return builder.mvOrdering(mvOrdering()).build();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefVector.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefVector.java
index 4f3737f0aa7f2..d34dbf676ab23 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefVector.java
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/OrdinalBytesRefVector.java
@@ -99,26 +99,14 @@ public BytesRefVector getDictionaryVector() {
 
     @Override
     public BytesRefVector filter(int... positions) {
-        if (positions.length >= ordinals.getPositionCount()) {
-            OrdinalBytesRefVector result = null;
-            IntVector filteredOrdinals = ordinals.filter(positions);
-            try {
-                result = new OrdinalBytesRefVector(filteredOrdinals, bytes);
-                bytes.incRef();
-            } finally {
-                if (result == null) {
-                    filteredOrdinals.close();
-                }
-            }
-            return result;
-        } else {
-            final BytesRef scratch = new BytesRef();
-            try (BytesRefVector.Builder builder = blockFactory().newBytesRefVectorBuilder(positions.length)) {
-                for (int p : positions) {
-                    builder.appendBytesRef(getBytesRef(p, scratch));
-                }
-                return builder.build();
+        // Do not build a filtered block using the same dictionary, because dictionary entries that are not referenced
+        // may reappear when hashing the dictionary in BlockHash.
+        final BytesRef scratch = new BytesRef();
+        try (BytesRefVector.Builder builder = blockFactory().newBytesRefVectorBuilder(positions.length)) {
+            for (int p : positions) {
+                builder.appendBytesRef(getBytesRef(p, scratch));
             }
+            return builder.build();
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/BasicBlockTests.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/BasicBlockTests.java
index e0a18c79307c5..0ab6f8239de41 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/BasicBlockTests.java
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/compute/src/test/java/org/elasticsearch/compute/data/BasicBlockTests.java
@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.greaterThan;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.instanceOf;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
+import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.not;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.notNullValue;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.nullValue;
 import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.sameInstance;
@@ -1512,6 +1513,67 @@ public void testRefCountingDocVector() {
         assertThat(breaker.getUsed(), is(0L));
     }
 
+    public void testFilterOrdinalBytesRefBlock() {
+        int dictSize = between(1, 10);
+        int positionCount = between(1, 100);
+        try (
+            var dictBuilder = blockFactory.newBytesRefVectorBuilder(dictSize);
+            var ordinalBuilder = blockFactory.newIntBlockBuilder(positionCount)
+        ) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < dictSize; i++) {
+                dictBuilder.appendBytesRef(new BytesRef("value" + i));
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < positionCount; i++) {
+                int valueCount = randomIntBetween(0, 2);
+                switch (valueCount) {
+                    case 0 -> ordinalBuilder.appendNull();
+                    case 1 -> ordinalBuilder.appendInt(randomIntBetween(0, dictSize - 1));
+                    default -> {
+                        ordinalBuilder.beginPositionEntry();
+                        for (int v = 0; v < valueCount; v++) {
+                            ordinalBuilder.appendInt(randomIntBetween(0, dictSize - 1));
+                        }
+                        ordinalBuilder.endPositionEntry();
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            try (var block = new OrdinalBytesRefBlock(ordinalBuilder.build(), dictBuilder.build())) {
+                int[] masks = new int[between(1, 100)];
+                for (int i = 0; i < masks.length; i++) {
+                    masks[i] = randomIntBetween(0, positionCount - 1);
+                }
+                try (var filtered = block.filter(masks)) {
+                    assertThat(filtered, not(instanceOf(OrdinalBytesRefBlock.class)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    public void testFilterOrdinalBytesRefVector() {
+        int dictSize = between(1, 10);
+        int positionCount = between(1, 100);
+        try (
+            var dictBuilder = blockFactory.newBytesRefVectorBuilder(dictSize);
+            var ordinalBuilder = blockFactory.newIntVectorBuilder(positionCount)
+        ) {
+            for (int i = 0; i < dictSize; i++) {
+                dictBuilder.appendBytesRef(new BytesRef("value" + i));
+            }
+            for (int i = 0; i < positionCount; i++) {
+                ordinalBuilder.appendInt(randomIntBetween(0, dictSize - 1));
+            }
+            try (var vector = new OrdinalBytesRefVector(ordinalBuilder.build(), dictBuilder.build())) {
+                int[] masks = new int[between(1, 100)];
+                for (int i = 0; i < masks.length; i++) {
+                    masks[i] = randomIntBetween(0, positionCount - 1);
+                }
+                try (var filtered = vector.filter(masks)) {
+                    assertThat(filtered, not(instanceOf(OrdinalBytesRefVector.class)));
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Take an object with exactly 1 reference and assert that ref counting works fine.
      * Assumes that {@link Releasable#close()} and {@link RefCounted#decRef()} are equivalent.
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/stats.csv-spec b/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/stats.csv-spec
index 418e98da010a9..61ca316a39dbc 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/stats.csv-spec
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/qa/testFixtures/src/main/resources/stats.csv-spec
@@ -3381,3 +3381,31 @@ VALUES(color):keyword | color:keyword
                yellow | yellow
 // end::mv-group-values-expand-result[]
 ;
+
+filterOrdinalValues
+required_capability: fix_filter_ordinals
+from employees 
+| MV_EXPAND job_positions
+| WHERE job_positions != "Purchase Manager"
+| STATS employees=count(*) BY job_positions
+| SORT job_positions
+| LIMIT 1000
+;
+
+employees:long | job_positions:keyword
+18             | Accountant
+13             | Architect
+11             | Business Analyst
+13             | Data Scientist
+10             | Head Human Resources
+15             | Internship
+14             | Junior Developer
+20             | Principal Support Engineer
+13             | Python Developer
+15             | Reporting Analyst
+20             | Senior Python Developer
+15             | Senior Team Lead
+11             | Support Engineer
+15             | Tech Lead    
+;
+
diff --git a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java
index 36b61e127888e..7116c86d69d14 100644
--- a/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java
+++ b/x-pack/plugin/esql/src/main/java/org/elasticsearch/xpack/esql/action/EsqlCapabilities.java
@@ -1499,7 +1499,14 @@ public enum Cap {
         /**
          * Support for dots in FUSE attributes
          */
-        DOTS_IN_FUSE;
+        DOTS_IN_FUSE,
+
+        /**
+         * Create new block when filtering OrdinalBytesRefBlock
+         */
+        FIX_FILTER_ORDINALS,
+
+        ;
 
         private final boolean enabled;