[9.1] [ES|QL] Improve binary expression grouping (#225416) (#226370)

# Backport

This will backport the following commits from `main` to `9.1`:
- [[ES|QL] Improve binary expression grouping
(#225416)](#225416)

<!--- Backport version: 9.6.6 -->

### Questions ?
Please refer to the [Backport tool
documentation](https://github.com/sorenlouv/backport)

<!--BACKPORT [{"author":{"name":"Vadim
Kibana","email":"[email protected]"},"sourceCommit":{"committedDate":"2025-07-03T10:03:00Z","message":"[ES|QL]
Improve binary expression grouping (#225416)\n\n## Summary\n\nCloses
https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/224990\n\nAlso:\n\n- Improves
binary expression grouping with `()` parenthesis in\npretty-printer.\n-
Updates binary expression precedence list.\n\n\n### Checklist\n\n- [x]
[Unit or
functional\ntests](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/development-tests.html)\nwere
updated or added to match the most common
scenarios","sha":"6d0dc4bcf7d8ed90a8634832a2aaa6b1683fc7fb","branchLabelMapping":{"^v9.2.0$":"main","^v(\\d+).(\\d+).\\d+$":"$1.$2"}},"sourcePullRequest":{"labels":["review","release_note:skip","Feature:ES|QL","Team:ESQL","backport:version","v9.1.0","v8.19.0","v9.2.0"],"title":"[ES|QL]
Improve binary expression
grouping","number":225416,"url":"https://github.com/elastic/kibana/pull/225416","mergeCommit":{"message":"[ES|QL]
Improve binary expression grouping (#225416)\n\n## Summary\n\nCloses
https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/224990\n\nAlso:\n\n- Improves
binary expression grouping with `()` parenthesis in\npretty-printer.\n-
Updates binary expression precedence list.\n\n\n### Checklist\n\n- [x]
[Unit or
functional\ntests](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/development-tests.html)\nwere
updated or added to match the most common
scenarios","sha":"6d0dc4bcf7d8ed90a8634832a2aaa6b1683fc7fb"}},"sourceBranch":"main","suggestedTargetBranches":["9.1","8.19"],"targetPullRequestStates":[{"branch":"9.1","label":"v9.1.0","branchLabelMappingKey":"^v(\\d+).(\\d+).\\d+$","isSourceBranch":false,"state":"NOT_CREATED"},{"branch":"8.19","label":"v8.19.0","branchLabelMappingKey":"^v(\\d+).(\\d+).\\d+$","isSourceBranch":false,"state":"NOT_CREATED"},{"branch":"main","label":"v9.2.0","branchLabelMappingKey":"^v9.2.0$","isSourceBranch":true,"state":"MERGED","url":"https://github.com/elastic/kibana/pull/225416","number":225416,"mergeCommit":{"message":"[ES|QL]
Improve binary expression grouping (#225416)\n\n## Summary\n\nCloses
https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/224990\n\nAlso:\n\n- Improves
binary expression grouping with `()` parenthesis in\npretty-printer.\n-
Updates binary expression precedence list.\n\n\n### Checklist\n\n- [x]
[Unit or
functional\ntests](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/development-tests.html)\nwere
updated or added to match the most common
scenarios","sha":"6d0dc4bcf7d8ed90a8634832a2aaa6b1683fc7fb"}}]}]
BACKPORT-->

Co-authored-by: Vadim Kibana <[email protected]>

Author: kibanamachine

src/platform/packages/shared/kbn-esql-ast/index.ts

@@ -32,20 +32,7 @@ export type {
   ESQLAstChangePointCommand,
 } from './src/types';
 
-export {
-  isColumn,
-  isDoubleLiteral,
-  isFunctionExpression,
-  isBinaryExpression,
-  isWhereExpression,
-  isFieldExpression,
-  isSource,
-  isIdentifier,
-  isIntegerLiteral,
-  isLiteral,
-  isParamLiteral,
-  isProperNode,
-} from './src/ast/helpers';
+export * from './src/ast/is';
 
 export { Builder, type AstNodeParserFields, type AstNodeTemplate } from './src/builder';
 

src/platform/packages/shared/kbn-esql-ast/src/__tests__/walk_json.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+interface JsonWalkerOptions {
+  visitObject?: (node: Record<string, unknown>) => void;
+  visitArray?: (node: unknown[]) => void;
+  visitString?: (node: string) => void;
+  visitNumber?: (node: number) => void;
+  visitBigint?: (node: bigint) => void;
+  visitBoolean?: (node: boolean) => void;
+  visitNull?: () => void;
+  visitUndefined?: () => void;
+}
+
+const walkJson = (json: unknown, options: JsonWalkerOptions = {}) => {
+  switch (typeof json) {
+    case 'string': {
+      options.visitString?.(json);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'number': {
+      options.visitNumber?.(json);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'bigint': {
+      options.visitBigint?.(json as bigint);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'boolean': {
+      options.visitBoolean?.(json);
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'undefined': {
+      options.visitUndefined?.();
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'object': {
+      if (!json) {
+        options.visitNull?.();
+      } else if (Array.isArray(json)) {
+        options.visitArray?.(json);
+        const length = json.length;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+          walkJson(json[i], options);
+        }
+      } else {
+        options.visitObject?.(json as Record<string, unknown>);
+        const values = Object.values(json as Record<string, unknown>);
+        const length = values.length;
+
+        for (let i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+          const value = values[i];
+          walkJson(value, options);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+};

src/platform/packages/shared/kbn-esql-ast/src/ast/constants.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright Elasticsearch B.V. and/or licensed to Elasticsearch B.V. under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements. Licensed under the "Elastic License
+ * 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 only", and the "Server Side
+ * Public License v 1"; you may not use this file except in compliance with, at
+ * your election, the "Elastic License 2.0", the "GNU Affero General Public
+ * License v3.0 only", or the "Server Side Public License, v 1".
+ */
+
+import { isBinaryExpression } from './is';
+import type { ESQLAstNode } from '../types';
+
+/**
+ * The group name of a binary expression. Groups are ordered by precedence.
+ */
+export enum BinaryExpressionGroup {
+  /**
+   * No group, not a binary expression.
+   */
+  none = 0,
+
+  /**
+   * Binary expression, but its group is unknown.
+   */
+  unknown = 1,
+
+  /**
+   * Logical: `and`, `or`
+   */
+  or = 10,
+  and = 11,
+
+  /**
+   * Regular expression: `like`, `not like`, `rlike`, `not rlike`
+   */
+  regex = 20,
+
+  /**
+   * Assignment: `=`, `:=`
+   */
+  assignment = 30,
+
+  /**
+   * Comparison: `==`, `=~`, `!=`, `<`, `<=`, `>`, `>=`
+   */
+  comparison = 40,
+
+  /**
+   * Additive: `+`, `-`
+   */
+  additive = 50,
+
+  /**
+   * Multiplicative: `*`, `/`, `%`
+   */
+  multiplicative = 60,
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns the group of a binary expression.
+ *
+ * @param node Any ES|QL AST node.
+ * @returns Binary expression group or undefined if the node is
+ *     not a binary expression.
+ */
+export const binaryExpressionGroup = (node: ESQLAstNode): BinaryExpressionGroup => {
+  if (isBinaryExpression(node)) {
+    switch (node.name) {
+      case '+':
+      case '-':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.additive;
+      case '*':
+      case '/':
+      case '%':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.multiplicative;
+      case '=':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.assignment;
+      case '==':
+      case '=~':
+      case '!=':
+      case '<':
+      case '<=':
+      case '>':
+      case '>=':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.comparison;
+      case 'like':
+      case 'not like':
+      case 'rlike':
+      case 'not rlike':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.regex;
+      case 'or':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.or;
+      case 'and':
+        return BinaryExpressionGroup.and;
+    }
+    return BinaryExpressionGroup.unknown;
+  }
+  return BinaryExpressionGroup.none;
+};