Fix -sEXIT_RUNTIME in MINIMAL_RUNTIME build mode. (#25321)

Fix -sEXIT_RUNTIME in MINIMAL_RUNTIME build mode. Fixes 13 tests in
minimal0 suite, e.g. minimal0.test_static_variable.

Author: juj

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -746,6 +746,7 @@ jobs:
             wasmfs.test_fs_llseek_rawfs
             wasmfs.test_freetype
             minimal0.test_utf
+            minimal0.test_static_variable
             minimal0.test_stack_overflow
             omitexports0.test_asyncify_longjmp
             omitexports0.test_emscripten_api

src/postamble_minimal.js

@@ -80,7 +80,26 @@ function run() {
   _main({{{ argc_argv() }}}).then(exitRuntime);
 #elif EXIT_RUNTIME
   // In regular exitRuntime mode, exit with the given return code from main().
-  exitRuntime(_main({{{ argc_argv() }}}));
+  try {
+    exitRuntime(_main({{{ argc_argv() }}}));
+  } catch(e) {
+    var exitCode = e.match(/^exit\((\d+)\)$/);
+    if (exitCode) {
+#if RUNTIME_DEBUG
+      dbg(`main() called ${e}.`); // e.g. "main() called exit(0)."
+#endif
+#if expectToReceiveOnModule('onExit')
+      // Report to Module that the program exited.
+      Module['onExit']?.(exitCode[1]|0);
+#endif
+    } else {
+#if RUNTIME_DEBUG
+      dbg(`main() threw an exception: ${e}.`);
+#endif
+      // Some other exception occurred - re-throw it.
+      throw e;
+    }
+  }
 #else
   // Run a persistent (never-exiting) application starting at main().
   _main({{{ argc_argv() }}});