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AWS Web Application Architecture Setup

This guide details the steps to set up a highly available and scalable web application architecture on AWS, which includes a VPC, subnets, Internet Gateway, security groups, EC2 instances, RDS MySQL databases, and an Application Load Balancer.

Table of Contents

Prerequisites

  • AWS Account
  • Basic knowledge of AWS services

Step 1: Set Up VPC and Subnets

  1. Create a VPC:

    • Navigate to the VPC Dashboard.
    • Click on "Create VPC".
    • Provide a name, IPv4 CIDR block (e.g., 10.0.0.0/16).
    • Click "Create VPC".

  2. Create Subnets:

    • Go to the Subnets section within the VPC Dashboard.
    • Click "Create subnet".
    • Create two public subnets in different Availability Zones (e.g., 10.0.1.0/24, 10.0.2.0/24).
    • Create two private subnets in different Availability Zones (e.g., 10.0.3.0/24, 10.0.4.0/24).

Step 2: Set Up the Internet Gateway

  1. Create an Internet Gateway:
    • Navigate to the Internet Gateways section in the VPC Dashboard.
    • Click "Create internet gateway".
    • Attach the Internet Gateway to your VPC.

Step 3: Configure Route Tables

  1. Create and Configure Route Tables:
    • Go to Route Tables in the VPC Dashboard.
    • Create a route table for the public subnets.
    • Edit routes to add a route for 0.0.0.0/0 pointing to the Internet Gateway.
    • Associate this route table with the public subnets.
    • Create another route table for the private subnets.

Step 4: Set Up Security Groups

  1. Create Security Groups:
    • Go to the Security Groups section.
    • Create a security group for the public subnets (web servers).
      • Allow inbound HTTP (port 80) and HTTPS (port 443) traffic from anywhere (0.0.0.0/0).
      • Allow outbound traffic to the private subnets and the Internet.
    • Create a security group for the private subnets (databases).
      • Allow inbound MySQL traffic (port 3306) from the security group of the web servers.
      • Allow outbound traffic to the web servers.

Step 5: Launch EC2 Instances (Web Servers)

  1. Create an Application Load Balancer (ALB):

    • Navigate to the EC2 Dashboard, then to Load Balancers.
    • Click "Create Load Balancer" and choose Application Load Balancer.
    • Configure the ALB to have listeners on ports 80 and 443.
    • Add the public subnets to the ALB.
    • Create a target group and register your EC2 instances (web servers).

  2. Create an Auto Scaling Group for Web Servers:

    • Navigate to Auto Scaling Groups.
    • Click "Create Auto Scaling group".
    • Attach the launch configuration (or launch template) for the EC2 instances.
    • Configure the Auto Scaling group to span the public subnets.
    • Attach the target group of the ALB to the Auto Scaling group.

Step 6: Launch MySQL Instances (Databases)

  1. Create an RDS MySQL Instance:
    • Navigate to the RDS Dashboard.
    • Click "Create database".
    • Choose MySQL as the database engine.
    • Configure the RDS instance to use the private subnets.
    • Ensure the security group for the database allows traffic only from the web servers' security group.

Step 7: Configure Auto Scaling for RDS

  1. Enable Auto Scaling for RDS:
    • Navigate to the RDS instance.
    • Modify the instance to enable Auto Scaling if needed (this can also be managed through Aurora for MySQL).

Step 8: DNS Configuration (Optional)

  1. Set Up Route 53:
    • Navigate to the Route 53 Dashboard.
    • Create a hosted zone.
    • Create DNS records to point to the Application Load Balancer.

Step 9: Testing and Monitoring

  1. Test the Setup:

    • Access the web application using the ALB DNS name.
    • Ensure the application can query data from the MySQL database and return it to the client.

  2. Set Up Monitoring and Alerts:

    • Use CloudWatch to monitor the health of EC2 instances and RDS instances.
    • Set up necessary alarms for CPU usage, memory, and other critical metrics.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you will have a robust, scalable, and highly available web application architecture on AWS. This setup ensures secure communication between web servers and databases, leveraging multiple Availability Zones, an Internet Gateway, ALB, and Auto Scaling Groups.