feat: add exercises for escaping strings and template literals

- Introduce new exercises on escaping strings, covering special characters and their usage.
- Add a template literals exercise to demonstrate string interpolation and multi-line strings.
- Update README files to provide guidance on new concepts and tasks for learners.
- Remove outdated number expressions exercise and replace it with string-related tasks.

Author: kentcdodds

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/01.problem.hello-world/README.mdx

@@ -18,7 +18,14 @@ console.log('This is a string')
 console.log("Double quotes work too")
 ```
 
-<callout-info>Which quotes you use is a matter of preference.</callout-info>
+<callout-info>
+	Which quotes you use is a matter of preference, but I typically use single
+	quotes. A **code formatter** is a tool that automatically formats your code to
+	follow consistent style rules. If you have one installed (like
+	[Prettier](https://prettier.io/)), it may automatically change your quotes
+	when you save the file. For example, it might convert double quotes to single
+	quotes. That's okay! The code will still work the same way.
+</callout-info>
 
 🐨 Once you've completed the exercise, run `node index.ts` in the playground to
 see your output!

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/01.solution.hello-world/README.mdx

@@ -6,4 +6,5 @@
 confused about what a value is, just log it!
 
 🦉 Notice that strings can use either single quotes (`'`) or double quotes
-(`"`). In this workshop, we'll use single quotes, but both work identically.
+(`"`). In this workshop, we'll use single quotes, but both work almost
+identically.

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.problem.escaping-strings/README.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Escaping Strings
+
+👨‍💼 Sometimes you need to include special characters inside your strings. What
+happens if you want to include a quote character inside a string that's wrapped
+in quotes?
+
+If you use single quotes, you need to **escape** single quotes inside the string
+using a backslash (`\`):
+
+{/* prettier-ignore */}
+```ts
+console.log('It\'s great')  // Prints: It's great
+```
+
+And if you use double quotes, you need to escape double quotes inside the string:
+
+{/* prettier-ignore */}
+```ts
+console.log("He said \"Hello\"")  // Prints: He said "Hello"
+```
+
+## Special Characters
+
+The backslash also lets you include other special characters that you can't
+easily type:
+
+| Escape Sequence | Character    |
+| --------------- | ------------ |
+| `\n`            | Newline      |
+| `\t`            | Tab          |
+| `\\`            | Backslash    |
+| `\'`            | Single quote |
+| `\"`            | Double quote |
+
+```ts
+console.log('Line 1\nLine 2') // Prints on two lines
+console.log('Name:\tKody') // Prints with a tab between
+```
+
+🐨 Open <InlineFile file="index.ts" /> and complete the following tasks:
+
+1. Log a string using single quotes that contains an apostrophe (like "It's
+   working!")
+2. Log a string using double quotes that contains a quoted phrase (like: She
+   said "Hi")
+3. Log "Hello" and "World" on separate lines using `\n` in a single string
+4. Log tab-separated column headers: "Name:" "Age:" "City:" using `\t`
+
+💰 Remember: use `\'` to escape single quotes, `\"` to escape double quotes,
+`\n` for newlines, and `\t` for tabs!
+
+📜 [Escape sequences on MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Lexical_grammar#escape_sequences)

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.problem.escaping-strings/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Escaping Strings
+// Learn to include special characters in strings
+
+// 🐨 Log "It's working!" using single quotes (you'll need to escape the apostrophe)
+// 💰 Use \' to escape the apostrophe
+
+// 🐨 Log: She said "Hi" (using double quotes for the string)
+// 💰 Use \" to escape the inner quotes
+
+// 🐨 Log "Hello" and "World" on separate lines using a single string with \n
+// 💰 Use \n to create a newline
+
+// 🐨 Log tab-separated data: Name: [tab] Age: [tab] City: (like column headers)
+// 💰 Use \t to create tabs between words

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.problem.escaping-strings/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "name": "exercises_01.expressions-and-output_02.problem.escaping-strings",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "node index.ts",
+    "test": "node --test index.test.ts"
+  }
+}

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.solution.escaping-strings/README.mdx

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+# Escaping Strings
+
+👨‍💼 Nice work! You've learned how to escape special characters in strings.
+
+🦉 Escaping can get tedious if you have lots of special characters. The good
+news is that there's another way to create strings which we'll cover soon:
+**template literals** (using backticks). They make many of these escaping issues
+disappear and even let you write actual multi-line strings without `\n`!

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.solution.escaping-strings/index.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+import assert from 'node:assert/strict'
+import { execSync } from 'node:child_process'
+import { test } from 'node:test'
+
+await test('should print string with apostrophe', () => {
+	const output = execSync('node index.ts', { encoding: 'utf8' })
+	assert.ok(
+		output.includes("It's working!"),
+		'🚨 Output should include "It\'s working!" - make sure you escaped the apostrophe',
+	)
+})
+
+await test('should print string with quotes', () => {
+	const output = execSync('node index.ts', { encoding: 'utf8' })
+	assert.ok(
+		output.includes('She said "Hi"'),
+		'🚨 Output should include: She said "Hi" - make sure you escaped the double quotes',
+	)
+})
+
+await test('should print Hello and World on separate lines', () => {
+	const output = execSync('node index.ts', { encoding: 'utf8' })
+	assert.ok(
+		output.includes('Hello\nWorld'),
+		'🚨 Output should include "Hello" and "World" on separate lines - use \\n in a single string',
+	)
+})
+
+await test('should print tab-separated values', () => {
+	const output = execSync('node index.ts', { encoding: 'utf8' })
+	assert.ok(
+		output.includes('\t'),
+		'🚨 Output should include tab characters - make sure you used \\t for tabs',
+	)
+})

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.solution.escaping-strings/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+// Escaping Strings
+// Learn to include special characters in strings
+
+// prettier-ignore
+console.log('It\'s working!')
+
+// prettier-ignore
+console.log("She said \"Hi\"")
+
+// prettier-ignore
+console.log('Hello\nWorld')
+
+// prettier-ignore
+console.log('Name:\tAge:\tCity:')

exercises/01.expressions-and-output/02.solution.escaping-strings/package.json

@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+{
+  "name": "exercises_01.expressions-and-output_02.solution.escaping-strings",
+  "type": "module",
+  "scripts": {
+    "start": "node index.ts",
+    "test": "node --test index.test.ts"
+  }
+}