[preferences] Docs for add start poller and stop poller to interval syncer

[rwrozelle]

Description

Add start_poller() and stop_poller() public methods to IntervalSyncer, allowing users to suspend and resume periodic preference syncing via lambda.

This enables power-saving use cases such as automatic light sleep, where after the initial save of persistently stored data there is no need to continue periodic flash writes. Users can stop the syncer after boot and restart it only when needed.

Example usage:

on_boot:
  then:
    - delay: 70sec
    - lambda: |-
        preferences_intervalsyncer_id->stop_poller();
    - logger.log: "Disabled preference sync"

Related issue (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable):

• [preferences] Add start_poller and stop_poller to IntervalSyncer esphome#14370

Checklist

• I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• Link added in /src/content/docs/components/index.mdx when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

New Component Images

If you are adding a new component to ESPHome, you can automatically generate a standardized black and white component name image for the documentation.

To generate a component image:

1. Comment on this pull request with the following command, replacing component_name with your component name in lower_case format with underscores (e.g., bme280, sht3x, dallas_temp):

   @esphomebot generate image component_name
   

2. The ESPHome bot will respond with a downloadable ZIP file containing the SVG image.

3. Extract the SVG file and place it in the /public/images/ folder of this repository.

4. Use the image in your component's index table entry in /src/content/docs/components/index.mdx.

Example: For a component called "DHT22 Temperature Sensor", use:

@esphomebot generate image dht22

Note: All images used in ImgTable components must be placed in /public/images/ as the component resolves them to absolute paths.

[esphome]

As this is a feature matched with a PR in https://github.com/esphome/esphome, please target your PR to the next branch and rebase.

Base branch has been corrected - dismissing previous review.

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